Ukukhukhamba kwamakhukhamba efasiteleni ekhaya kungenzeka. Njengoba izitshalo ezifana nethunzi elimnyama, zizizwa kahle emafasiteleni namabhaloni, zikhula ngokugcwele futhi zithele izithelo. Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ngisho naseholidini lomNyaka Omusha ungadla imifino ekhulile eyedwa ekhaya. Ukuthola isitshalo, kumele kube nemibandela eminingi.
Yikuphi ukhukhamba okumele ukhule efasiteleni?
Ukukhethwa kwembewu kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwemifino. Uma ukhula ukhukhamba efasiteleni elivela ezihlukahlukene kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni inqwaba yefruiting. Ukukhiqiza isitshalo udinga ukuzitholela impova, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Izinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke zokubeletha ezifuywayo:
- I-Schedrik iyinkhukhamba evuthiwe. Phuma ngosuku 45, kusukela ehlathini ungathola izingcezu ezingu-20 ngobude buka 12-14 cm;
- Masha F1 - ivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingama-40. I-cultivar ivumela, egatsheni livuthisa imifino emihlanu;
- Ubukhulu - ikhukhamba yokuvuthwa ekuqaleni, lukhula isikhathi eside;
- Khrustik - maduzane ukucula, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe, izithelo zivuthwe izingcezu ezingu-7 egatsheni ngalinye, ngokucophelela, ungakwazi ukuqoqa imifino engama-40. I-liana ide, ingavuleka kuwo wonke iwindi.
Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba efasiteleni?
Ayikho imingcele yokuhlwanyela imbewu ukukhukhamba ukhukhamba efasiteleni noma kubhaluni. Kodwa ngenxa yefruiting ecebile, kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari, banikezwa ukukhanya okungeziwe, njengoba kubhakabhaka ngaphandle. Amakhukhamba akhula ekhaya efasiteleni ifanele uma enesikhathi samahora angu-12. Izibani zingcono ukulungiswa ukuze zikhuphuke futhi zenzeke njengoba izithombo zikhula. Izitshalo zifakwe efasiteleni noma emabhonyini, akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetshenziswe ukuvuleka okusemantwini ukukhula kwemifino - amagatsha azokweluleka futhi abe buthakathaka.
Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba ekhaya efasiteleni?
Imbewu itshalwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukuze kusheshe kuvele amahlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bahlanganiswe cheesecloth futhi ngezikhathi bafakwe. Ezingeni lokushisa kwama-25-30 degrees ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 kuzo zonke izimpande ezimhlophe zikhishwa. Ukutshala ukhukhamba efasiteleni:
- Ungasebenzisa izindebe zeplastiki zokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ngokujulisa imbewu kuzo ngo-2 cm nokuzihlanganisa nefilimu, kulula ukuthola izithombo zokutshala okulandelayo emva kokungena emgqonyeni omkhulu;
- Izithombo zivela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga 3-4 amaqabunga, angatshalwa esitsheni esikhulu;
- Ukuze uhlakulele okwengeziwe, izimbiza ezinezimbobo zamanzi zizodingeka. Ngaphansi kwezitini eziqoshiwe noma umcengezi onobubanzi obuyi-2 cm, bese kuhlanganiswa inhlabathi. Esinye isitshalo sidinga 5 kg. i-substrate;
- Usuku lomhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala luhlelwe kahle;
- Izithombo zihlanganiswa kahle ebhodweni ngesikhumba sobumba;
- Kuvunyelwe ukubeka ngokushesha imbewu endaweni ehlala njalo emabhokisini amakhulu noma ezimbizeni bese uwamboza ngefilimu. I-Cellophane isusiwe ngemuva kokuvela. Kungcono ukufaka ibhokisi enaleni, ufake ama-slats amabili ngaphansi kwalo ukuze kuhanjiswe umoya omuhle;
- Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukhukhamba efasiteleni ayinakubekezelela izikwelethi - ziyabulala;
- Amapulazi angu-70 cm ukuphakama ahlelwe phansi, noma izintambo zikhomba phezulu, khona-ke amagatsha akhula azohlanganiswa nawo. Ukusekela kuzokusiza ukwandisa indawo yokukhanya kwesitshalo. Ukwehlisa kuzokwandisa isivuno bese kuhlobisa kahle iwindi.
Ukulima kwamakhukhamba efasiteleni - inhlabathi
Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwa ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi. Kulula ukupheka wedwa. Kunezinketho eziningana zenhlanganisela:
- Umhlaba ocebile, i-peat kanye ne-humus ixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ungangeza isipuni 1. superphosphate , 1 tbsp. isikhombe, ingilazi yokhuni lomlotha. Ukulinganisa kunikezwa ngo-5 kg. inhlabathi.
- I-peat, i-sawdust (noma isihlabathi), i-humus, umhlaba ovundile uthathwa izingxenye ezilinganayo. Engeza isipuni se- nitrofoski netiye - urea .
- Kukholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa le ngxube, ukhukhamba iyalinywa emafasiteleni ebusika. Uvumela imifino ukukhula ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo oqhubekayo. Ukupheka, uthathe umhlabathi, i-sawdust encane, isihlabathi esincane, amahlamvu awile, i-substrate yesitolo yezithombo. Inhlabathi evundile idinga izingxenye ezimbili, izingxenye ezisele - ngayinye. Half ingilazi yenkukhu yenkukhu, 2 izinkomishi zomquba owomile, ingilazi ye-choki, i-eggshell kanye ne-wood ash zifakwa lapho. Zonke izithako zichotshoziwe kahle.
Indlela yokudla ukhukhamba efasiteleni?
Uma i-substrate ingasetshenzisiwe ekuqaleni, ukugqoka okuphezulu kokukhukhamba efasiteleni kuyonikeza imiphumela emihle. Izindlela zokupheka ezimbalwa:
- I-isipuni ye-urea isetshenziselwa ama-3 amalitha amanzi. It isetshenziswa 1-2 izibuko of umquba ngaphansi kwesitshalo izikhathi ezimbili nge isikhathi ngesonto, kusukela kwezinsuku 14 emva ukuvela amahlumela.
- Inani elifanayo lamanzi no-2 tsp. nitrofoski. Inikelwa ingilazi yesisombululo ngaphansi kwesihlahla njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngokubonakala kwesithelo sokuqala.
Indlela yokuphuza ukhukhamba efasiteleni?
Lesi sitshalo sihlambalaza, inani lamanzi linqunywa indlela yokuhlola. Ukhukhamba efasiteleni ludinga ukuchelela nsuku zonke, kodwa hhayi okuqinile. Hlanganisa isihlahla kangcono ekuseni. Ukunisela kuyinto evamile, uma inhlabathi ingumanzi, kodwa hhayi emanzi. Uma amanzi enganele, ukhukhamba efasiteleni lizooma, i-overabundance isongela ukubola kwesistimu. Amahlamvu aphuzi ayibonakaliso lokunisela okunganele.
Indlela yokugcoba ukhukhamba efasiteleni?
Ukukhanyisa umbuzo wokuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba efasiteleni elisendlini, abalimi bezitshalo abanolwazi banakekele ngokukhethekile izitshalo zokugcoba. Isikhathi sokuqala sibanjwe ezingeni lika 3-4 amaqabunga. Lokhu kuvumela amahlumela amasha ukuthi avele ezonini zesisekelo sepuleti emvinini, ngakho-ke isihlahla sakhiwa. Shiya ama-squeletti 2-3, aphindaphindile amaqabunga ama-10. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukugcina isilinganiso sokuthi isitshalo sinomsoco okwanele ukwakha izithelo.
Ikhukhamba izifo efasiteleni
Uma umgadi wensimu eqaphela ukuthi kukhona into enhle ehlathini, udinga ukuthola isizathu futhi uphathe ukwelashwa. Izimbangela ezikhona zezifo:
- ukuchelela ngamanzi apholile;
- inhlabathi echithiwe.
Ukhukhamba emafasiteleni yizifo eziyinhloko:
- i-powdery isikhutha , kubangelwa amafungus. Amahlamvu agcwele ukuqhakaza okumhlophe. Amapuleti othintekile asusiwe, inhlabathi ingasetshenziswa i-disinfected nge-fungicides Fundazol , Topsin;
- (i-anthracnose), i-agent e causative yi-fungus, ithinta amaqabunga nezithelo, zihlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama. Isitshalo esinjalo asikwazi ukwelashwa, siphonswa kude. Izihlahla ezisele zifakwe nge- Bordeaux ingxube ukuvimbela ukungcola;
- ukubola okumhlophe, iziqu kanye namaqabunga aqhamuka epulazini, bese kuthiwa i-mucus. Izingxenye ezithintekayo kufanele zifafazwe nge-sulfate noma i-lime.
Ukuze ungahlakulele isifo, kungenzeka ukuba wenze i-prophylaxis. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, kuyasiza ukugcoba imbewu kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Le nhlanganisela isetshenziselwa ukugcoba ngokuqondile i-substrate ngokwayo ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu noma izithombo. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, isithelo singasetshenzwa nge-"Fitosporin" ukulungiselela. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukudalulwa kwe-microclimate emihle nokuntuleka kobumswakama obuphezulu bomhlabathi.