I-Urticaria ezinganeni zivela ngokuzumayo futhi ibukeka njengezingxube ezibomvu, ezinobuthi kakhulu. Igama lesi sifo likhethwa ngaphandle kwesizathu - ukuqhuma kufana nalokhu okuvela esikhumbeni ngemuva kokuthinta inambuzane. Njengomthetho, inkinga idlula ngokushesha njengoba iqala - emahoreni angu-6-8 - kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-hive angasongela impilo.
Izinhlobo ze-urticaria ezinganeni
Ukuphazamiseka kuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngesibangela saleso sifo, izinhlobo ze-urticaria zimi kanje:
- i-allergic - ivela ekuphenduleni kokuxhumana ne-stimulus;
- kubanda - ukusabela ku-frost;
- ingqondo - ivela ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma imizwa ejulile;
- i-pigment - ikhula ngokumelene nesimo sokuphazamiseka esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kwamaseli omzimba;
- umshini - ubangelwa ngenxa yokuxhumana okuvunyelwene ngayo ne-irritants.
Ngendlela yesifo, i-urticaria ezinganeni yilezi:
- ukukhanya;
- medium-heavy;
- esindayo.
I-hives - Izimbangela
Inkinga ingahlakulela ngokuzimela noma ibe uphawu lwezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological. Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona i-urticaria yokugula. I-irritants yokudla evame kakhulu:
- ubisi;
- inhlanzi;
- amaqanda;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- amantongomane;
- ushokoledi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuma kwenzeka lapho kutholakale amakhemikhali, impova noma izifo zomzimba. Ngokuvamile imbangela yalesi sifo ihlaselwa izinambuzane. I-Urticaria ezinganeni ezindala kuneminyaka emibili ingase ibe nemvelaphi yegciwane. Ngemuva kwe-rubella, ukutheleleka kwe-mycoplasma noma i- mononucleosis , ezinye izingane zihlakulela uhlobo lwesifo. Ama-blisters ngokuvamile avela ngasemuva wezilwane ze- helminthic nangenxa yomsebenzi wama-bacteria.
I-urticaria esebenzayo
Esikhathini saleso sifo, ukubukeka okunamandla nokuhlala njalo kuyaphawuleka. I-urticaria enhle ezinganeni ziqala ngenxa yokuxhumana kokuqala ne-allergen. Izizathu zalo zilandelayo:
- ukudla ukudla okwe-allergenic;
- ukuvuthwa kwe-irritants (impova, uboya, uthuli);
- ukulunywa kwezinambuzane;
- ukuthatha imithi ethile;
- uxhumane nezinto zokwenza izinto-izicasula.
I-urticaria engapheli
Ukubona izimbangela ze-urticaria ezinganeni akulula. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphendulela njalo, kungenzeka kuphela 20 - 30% amacala. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngenxa yezici ezingokwenyama, ukutheleleka, izifo zokudla nokudla okunomsoco. Ngezinye izikhathi i-urticaria engapheli ezinganeni iyisibonakaliso se-pathologies ye-gland yegciwane, izitho zesisu esiswini, isibindi, isimiso sezinzwa.
Izimpawu ze-Urticaria
Ukwazi ukuthi ama-hive abukeka kanjani, angahlolwa ngokushesha futhi aphuluke. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga futhi kuvimbele ukuguquka kwesifo sibe ifomu elingapheli. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zenkinga yilezi:
- ukuqala ngokuzumayo kokubambisa okukhulu okwenzeka ezindaweni ezithile zesikhumba;
- izibhedlele esikhumbeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasezinkalweni zamangcwaba;
- izinga lokushisa nomkhuhlane;
- kwezinye izimo, i-urticaria ezinganeni kubangela ukucabangela, ukuhuda, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa ngama-hives
Yeka ukuthi wonke ama-hive abukeka kanjani kubantwana, cishe bonke abazali bayazi. Ukuvuthwa okujwayelekile kuyi-blisters. Izindawo ezibomvu zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwesikhumba esinempilo. Uma zihlanganisiwe, izindawo zokukhukhumeza, ukucasuka, nezilonda zingase zivele. Ubukhulu be-blisters ngokuvamile buyingcosana. Ububanzi bawo abudluli amamitha ambalwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqubuka zilandelayo:
- i-urticaria enkulu - amabala amakhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwemigqa ecacile;
- okwenziwe ngendandatho - eduze kwezingxenyana ze-contour zakhiwe ngezingqimba ezibomvu ezivuthayo;
- imifuba nge-pigmentation - ukuqhuma kubonakala kuhluke kakhulu ku-epidermis enempilo embala - kuyinto emnyama.
Indawo yangasese yokuqhuma imifantu
Ngokungazelelwe, ama-blisters asanda kuphuma ashintsha ngokushesha abe ama-knots ama-brown-brown, ubukhulu bawo abudluli iphrinta. Ama-bubbles amancane enza ifomu. Uma uhlambalaza, ibala lingase limbozwe ngegazi elinamanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuqhuma ukuqhuma kwezimpukane. Njengomthetho, izitho ezingenhla ziyathinteka. Izindawo zothando ze-blisters "zamathanga amakhulu," kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibe nemihlathi ebusweni bomntwana noma kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izigaba ze-urticaria ezinganeni
Lapho izimpawu zokuqala zivela, kuhle ukubonisana nochwepheshe. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo futhi inkinga izophathwa ngokushesha futhi kulula. Yenza izigaba eziyisisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo:
- Ezimweni zokuqala, i-urticaria ezinganeni inezimpawu ezingazange zenzeke. Ama-blisters cishe angakhathazeki isiguli esincane, ukuwazisa akunamandla kakhulu, akukho zibonakaliso zokudakwa.
- Isigaba sesibili sibonakala izimpawu ezinzima zokudakwa. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sihambisana nokukhukhumeza noma umkhuhlane we-Quinck. Ngesikhathi esifushane, i-edema ye-allergen ingasakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba womntwana. Uma kuthinta i-larynx, umntwana uphefumula kanzima, kukhona ukuhlaselwa kokuhlushwa.
- Ngesiteji esinzima, zonke izimpawu ezifanayo ziyizici ezivela esiteji sesibili, kuphela ezichazwe kabanzi. Isimo somntwana sithuthukisiwe, iziguli eziningi ziba namandla kakhulu futhi ziyesaba.
Ziyini izinyosi eziyingozi ezinganeni?
Isifo esinjalo, njenge-hive, sitholakala ezinganeni kaningi, ngoba abazali abamesabi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuqala isifo sodwa. Ingozi yukuthi lesi sifo singangena esimweni esingapheli, futhi kuyoba nzima ukubhekana nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-urticaria idiopathic ethuthukile igcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwe- edema , ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukufa.
Indlela yokuphatha i-urticaria ezinganeni?
Ukuzikhethela kohlelo lwezokwelapha akuthinti kakhulu izimbangela ezibangele lesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kwe-urticaria ezinganeni kuhilela njalo:
- ukukhishwa kokuxhumana nama-irritants;
- ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kwamabala;
- ukucindezeleka okubandayo;
- ukuthatha ama-antihistamine;
- Ukulwa nezifo ezaba negalelo ekubukeni kwe-rash.
Usizo lokuqala emifuba
Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu, ngoba imifuyo ebantwaneni, izimpawu nokuphathwa kwayo, kufanele ihlolwe kahle ngabazali. Uma ingane ingelahleki, ama-antihistamine kufanele abe njalo.
Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwe-urticaria kanye ne-edema Quincke kusikisela ukuyeka okuphuthumayo kokuxhumana no-allergen:
- Ukuphazamisa ukuthatha imithi eyingozi.
- Ukuqeda umthombo wobuthi lapho ulunywa yizinambuzane.
- Thatha ama-sorbents, uma ukucasula kungumkhiqizo wokudla.
- Susa i-allergen esikhumbeni.
I-ambulensi kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi:
- kukhona uhlobo olunzima lwe-urticaria ne-Quincke's edema;
- ukukhushulwa kwesimo esingapheli sesifo, esingaphenduli ukwelashwa ekhaya;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic kwenzeka.
Izidakamizwa ze-urticaria
Imithi ejwayele ukusiza imisipha yi-antihistamines. Namuhla, okuthiwa imithi yesizukulwane sesibili iyathandwa kakhulu. Isilinganiso sikhethwe ngabanye - ngesikhathi sokubonisana mayelana nendlela yokwelapha imifuba, nechwepheshe. Uma umuthi ungasizi, umthamo unganyuka, kodwa kusengaphambili kufanele kuvunyelwane nodokotela wezingane.
Izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa le nkinga zibukeka kanje:
- I-Loratadine ;
- I-Cyproheptadine;
- I-Diphenhydramine;
- Elius;
- Lclaritin;
- Ebastin;
- I-Xizal;
- I-Telfast;
- I-Zodak ;
- Cetirizine;
- Acryvastine;
- I-Tavegil;
- Suprastin.
Ngesinye isikhathi kufana namaphilisi anqunywa amafutha anqabelayo:
- Sinaflan;
- Flucinar;
- I-Latticort;
- I-Hydrocortisone;
- Afloderm;
- I-Triamcinolone;
- Fluorocort;
- Lokoid;
- Advantan;
- I-Cloveit;
- Dermovate;
- I-Celestoderm-B;
- Elokom.
Kudla i-urticaria ezinganeni
Lapho ugwaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina uhlelo lokuphuza. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ingane idle ama-2-3 amalitha amanzi ngosuku. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kususwe ngokushesha ukususwa komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunomsoco kumasifu:
- Kusukela ekudleni kuyadingeka ukukhipha yonke leyo mikhiqizo engashukumisa ukusabela okweqile. Uma kunzima ukuzinquma, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa: emva kokuzila kokudla, qala ukunikeza ingane isidlo esisodwa esisha. Enye ngemva kwalokho imifantu iba yimbi kakhulu, futhi iyona yecala.
- Ukudla kufanele kugcinwe, ngisho nakulezo zimo lapho ukusabela kungenalo ukudla okuvela khona. Isimo sesiguli asikhushulwa, kungcono ukuthi ayeke imikhiqizo yakhe futhi akhule umsebenzi wokuthola usizo okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuzosekela isimiso somzimba.
- Ukunciphisa i-allergenicity kusiza ukucubungula kwemikhiqizo: ukuqandisa, ukupheka, ukupenda.
Kusukela ekudleni kwengane kumele kususe konke ukudla okuqukethe ama-preservatives, amade, ama-emulsifiers. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuba u-urticaria uphuze itiye, ikhofi, iziphuzo ezinomlilo futhi kukhona imikhiqizo enjalo:
- i-strawberry;
- uju;
- amantongomane;
- amakhowe;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- utamatisi;
- ushokoledi;
- izinongo;
- uviniga;
- imayonnaise;
- amaphayinaphu;
- ubhontshisi;
- ukupheka;
- amaqanda;
- inyama yenkukhu.
Imikhiqizo enconyiwe yilezi:
- iphariji, ephekwe emanzini;
- Imifino esekelwe okusanhlamvu nemifino;
- isinkwa esimhlophe (kuphela hhayi ibhotela);
- i-kefir;
- ama-apula abikiwe;
- amafutha omnqumo;
- i-apula compote;
- i-yogurt.
I-prophylaxis ye-urticaria ezinganeni
Okuqinisekisiwe ukuvimbela inkinga ayikwazi - ukusibekela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyodwa nangaphezulu kungabonakala nganoma isiphi isikhathi - kodwa kukhona amathiphu azosiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okuvela kulo:
- Kudingekile ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela eyenza ukusabela futhi ugweme ukuthintana nezimbangela ezikhona. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukukhipha ngokuphelele othintana naye, okungenani unganciphisa okungenani.
- Ingane kufanele igqoke izingubo ezingavamile ezenziwe ngezindwangu zemvelo. Izinto ezinamafutha, ezincane, ezinameva zingabangela ukucasuka kwe-epidermis.
- Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi i-urticaria yenzeka ngenxa yokudla, ungaqala ukugcina idayari yokudla. Irekhoda yonke imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ngumntwana nokuthi umzimba wenzenjani kubo.
- Ekuboniseni kokuqala kwenkinga, faka i-compress ebandayo ezindaweni ezithintekayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlaselwa.
- Amanzi okugeza ama-soda aphinde asisize ekunciphiseni ukusabela futhi avimbele ukusabalala kwe-rash phezu komzimba.
- Njalo unama- antihistamines kutholakale kalula.