Amafutha asanda kuwa phansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyiqiniso - ukudla okunamafutha kunamafutha amaningi, futhi ngokuphishekela ukuvumelana, ikhalori ngayinye idliwe ibhekwa ngokucophelela. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukulahlwa okuphelele kwalesi sifundo sezakhi kungaletha izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo. Phela, ukubunjwa kwabo kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ezidingekayo emsebenzini ojwayelekile womzimba wethu: isibonelo, i-polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Ziyini lezi zixhumanisi?
Uma ukhumbula inkambo yesikole ye-chemistry ephilayo, kuvela ukuthi amafutha ahlanganiswe yi-glycerin namafutha acids.
Ama-acids amafutha ayimvelo engokwemvelo emakhemikhali awo i--COOH fragment, eyabangela izindawo ze-asidi, ixhunywe kuma-athomu e-carbon, okuhlanganiswa ngokulandelana. I-athomu ngayinye ihlanganisa i-hydrogen embalwa, ngenxa yalokho, umklamo unefomu elilandelayo:
CH3- (CH2-CH2) n-COOH
Kwenzeka ukuthi kwezinye i-acids "i-carbon" ixhunyiwe komunye nomunye hhayi ngo-1, kodwa ngezibopho ezimbili:
CH3- (CH = CH) n-COOH
Ama-acids anjalo abizwa nge-unsaturated.
Uma kukhona ama-athomu amaningi e-carbon at the compound, axhumene nomunye ngezibopho zesibili, ama-acids anjalo abizwa ngokuthi i-polyunsaturated, kusukela ku-"polis" yesiGreki, okusho okuningi.
Lezi zinsuku zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana, okungukuthi:
- i-omega-9;
- i-omega-6;
- i-omega-3 i-polyunsaturated acids.
Yikuphi kuwo i-asidi engasetshenzisiwe engokwakhe, inqunywe yiqiniso lokuthi i-carbon athomu ibalwa, uma siqala ngokuphela kwe-non-asidi ye-molecule (CH3-), isibopho sokuqala sesi-2-nd sizoba.
Ngendlela, umzimba wethu ukhiqiza i-omega-9 acids, kodwa abamele amanye amaqembu amabili esithola, kuphela, ngokudla.
Kungani ama-acids ama-polyunsaturated adingekayo?
Lezi zinhlanganisela ziyingxenye edingekayo yegobolondo lazo zonke izinqamuzana zesilwane - okuthiwa i-membrane yeseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana umsebenzi wesitokisi, izinga eliphezulu le-polyunsaturated fatty acids kugobolondo lalo. Isibonelo, embranini yeseli ye-retina yeso lethu, cishe ama-20% alawa ma-acids, nakulogobolondo lwamaseli ama-fat subcutaneous, okuqukethwe kwabo kungaphansi kwe-1%.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wokwakha, lezi zinto ziyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-endohormone - izinto ezithinta umsebenzi weseli lapho "ama-hormone wendawo" akhiwa khona, okushoyo. Ngingathanda ukukhuluma okuningi ngabo, ngoba lezi zinhlanganisela zithinta izinqubo eziningi ezenzeka emzimbeni wethu.
Ngakho-ke, i-endo-hormone ilawula izinto ezifana nokuqala noma ukunyamalala kobuhlungu nokuvuvukala, futhi kuthinta ikhono legazi ukuvala. Zakhiwa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kusukela kuma-acids esaziwa kakade kithi, afakwe engxenyeni yeseli. Futhi, kusukela emaqenjini ahlukene, amahomoni adalwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kuma-acidi omega-6 akhiqizwa izinto ezibhekene nokuphendula okwanele komzimba womuntu ukulimaza izimo zemvelo. Ama-endohormones anjalo akhulisa i-coagulability yegazi, okuvimbela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngesikhathi samanxeba, futhi kubangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu - ukuphendula okungathandeki, kodwa kudingekile ukuba usinde. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zinto zigcwele ngokweqile, le nqubo ayiphumelelanga: igazi liba yi-viscous kakhulu, ukunyuka kwengcindezi, ifomu legazi legazi emithanjeni yegazi, ingozi yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, futhi ukunyuka kwegazi kuyanda.
I-endo-hormones etholakala kuma-acids e-omega-3 e-polyunsaturated anomphumela ohlukile: iyanciphisa ukusabela okuvuthayo, ukuphucula igazi, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphezulu le-omega-3 acids emzimbeni, ama-hormone angaphansi ahlanganiswa nama-acidi omega-6. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ushiye ngokuphelele lesi sigaba, ngoba kulokhu kuhloswa, ukungabi naso kwe-coagulability yegazi kanye nokwehla kokuzivikela komzimba kunikezwa. Okufanelekile, uma ukudla izingxenye ezine ze-omega-6 kuyoba yingxenye eyodwa yama-acids ama-omega-3.
Imikhiqizo ecebile kuma-acids e-polyunsaturated fatty
Imithombo ye-polyunsaturated fatty acids yilezi:
- amafutha amaningi yemifino, isibonelo - i-sunflower, umnqumo, i-rapeseed, i-linseed, i-soya;
- amantongomane nembewu - amantongomane, ama-walnuts, imbewu ye-sunflower;
- izinhlobo ezinamafutha nezinesibindi ezinhlanzi - ama-sardine, i-herring, i-mackerel, i-salmon, i-trout, i-tuna, i-capelin, i-horse mackerel;
- i-cod amafutha esibindi.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ezitshalweni kukhona ikakhulukazi ama-acids ama-omega-6 ama-polyunsaturated, nezinhlanzi- omega-3 acids.