Izindlovukazi zaseVatican yi-monument enkulu kakhulu yezakhiwo emhlabeni. Ihlanganisa: iNdlu yamaPhostoli , iBelvedere Palace , iSistine Chapel , iMtapoli yaseVatican , iminyuziyamu, amasonto, amahhovisi kahulumeni wamaKatolika. Izindlovukazi zaseVatican azikho isakhiwo esisodwa, kodwa isakhiwo sezakhiwo nezakhiwo ezimele isibalo se-quadrilateral engavamile.
Indlu yamaPhostoli
Izazi-mlando kuze kube yilolu suku azifinyelele esiphethweni esingenakuqhathaniswa ngosuku lokuqala kokwakhiwa kweNdlu yamaPhostoli. Ezinye izazi-mlando zicabangela izinsuku zokubusa kukaConstantine Omkhulu ukuba zibe yindawo yokubheka okwesikhashana, kanti ezinye zifanekisela ukuhlala kwabaphostoli ngezikhathi zikaSimma (ngekhulu lesi-6 AD). Kuthiwa ukuthi isikhathi esithile iNdlu yamaPhostoli yayingenalutho, kodwa emva kokuthunjwa kuka-Avignon, amapapa aseVatican aphinde abe "indlu" yamapapa.
Ekhulwini le-XV, uPapa uNicholas V uhlongoze ukwakha isigodlo esisha. Abakhiqizi nabakhi bakha ukuvuselelwa kwephiko elingasenyakatho, ngaphandle kokubhubhisa izindonga ezindala. Lesi sakhiwo kamuva sasihlanganisa izindonga zikaRahael kanye nezindlu zikaBorgia.
Ngaphansi kwesonto kwakushintsha 2 phansi embhoshongweni wempi, kamuva obizwa ngokuthi "Nikkolina", tk. Kwase kwesikhashana ithempeli laliyinsimu yomuntu siqu kaNicholas V. Umnumzane waseDominican, umculi uFra Beato Angelico, ohlotshiswe ithempeli nomfundi ka B. Gozotsoli. Izindonga ezintathu ze-chapel zilandisa ngezindaba ezivela empilweni yabangcwele uLornzo noStefan, udonga lwesine kamuva waba i-altare.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, uPapa Alexander VI Borgia wamema lo mdwebi uPinturicchio ukudweba amakamelo akhe aphethe amahholo ayisithupha. Amahholo ahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zemidwebo - iHholo leSigraments of Faith, iSibyl Hall, iHholo leSayensi nezobuciko, iHholo lokuPhila kwamaSanta, iHolo leMfihlakalo neHholo lamaPapa. Ngaphansi kwePapa uJulius II, ekwakhiweni kwezemibukiso, izindlu zezindlini zaseVatican naseBelvedere zahlanganiswa, umsebenzi weMichelangelo Buonarroti omkhulu noRafael Santi owazi kahle odweba emdwebo, umakhi wephrojekthi nguDonato Bramante.
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I-Belvedere Palace
E-Belvedere Palace, kukhona i -Pia-Clementa Museum , enezindawo eziningi zobuciko obudala bamaGreki namaRoma. I-museum iholwa ama-vestibules amabili: i-round one ne-panoramic view yaseRoma ne-quadrangular, lapho i-torso ye-Hercules ibonakala khona. I-lobby yokuzungezile ineHholo LaseMeleager, elimelelwa yisithombe salo mzingeli. Ukusuka lapha ungangena egcekeni elingaphakathi. Egcekeni leNdlu yaseBelvedere, uPapa uJulius II wafaka iqembu lezithombe "Laocoon" nesithombe se-Apollo, futhi ngokushesha nje ezinye izinto ezavubukulwa zazithola, zakha i-Vatican Museums.
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I-Sistine Chapel
I-Sistine Chapel - mhlawumbe isonto elidume kakhulu emhlabeni - iparele leVatican. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ngeke kubangele isithakazelo esikhulu, kodwa umhlobiso wezangaphakathi uzomangaza nge-frescoes ye-artists artists of the Renaissance. Leli gama libizwa ngePapa waseRussia uSixtus IV, ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuhlobisa isakhiwo kusuka ngo-1477 kuya ku-1482. Kuze kube yilolu suku, kukhona i-conclave (umhlangano wama-cardinals wokukhetha upapa omusha).
I-Sistine Chapel inamapulangwe amathathu, ehlanganiswe ne-cylindrical vault. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili isonto lihlukaniswe ngodonga lwe-marble elinama-bas-reliefs, okusebenza ngalo uGivanni Dolmato, uMino da Fiesole no-Andrea Breno.
Izindonga ezihlangothini zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezintathu: i-tier ephansi ihlotshiswe ngezingubo ngezingubo zikaPapa, ezenziwe ngegolide nesiliva; phezu kwesigaba esiphakathi, abaculi basebenze: uBotelli, uCosimo Rosselli, uGhirlandaio, uPerugino, owasitshela izigcawu ezimpilweni zikaKristu noMose. Kodwa namanje imisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu yobuciko yimidwebo yelayili kanye nezindonga, ezenziwe umdwebi uMachelangelo. AmaFrescoes ephahleni abonisa izigcawu ezingu-9 zeThestamente Elidala - kusukela ekudalweni kwezwe kuya ekuwa. Emdongeni ngenhla kwe-altare le-chapel kukhona indawo yeSahlulelo Sokugcina, okuyinto, phakathi nemikhosi ebalulekile, ihlotshiswe ngama-tapestries okwenziwe ngo-Raphael's sketches.
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I-Vatican Apostolic Library
Imtapo yeVatican idume ngokuqoqwa kwayo okucebile kwemibhalo yesandla evela emaqenjini ahlukene. Umtapo wasungulwa nguPapa Nicholas V ekhulwini le-15. Ukuqoqwa komtapo wolwazi kuvuselelwa njalo, manje isikhwama saso sihlanganisa imibhalo yesandla eyizinkulungwane ezingu-150, izincwadi eziyizigidi ezingu-1.6 eziphrintiwe, i-incunabula engama-8.3 ayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zemidwebo namabalazwe, izinhlamvu zemali ezingu-300 zemali nemindondo.
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Ungafika kanjani?
Ungafika ezindlini zamakhosi ezindleleni ezimbili:
- Kusuka ku-Termini Station, thatha i-A (red) metro e-Ottaviano-SPietro noma e-Cipro-Musei Vaticani.
- amabhasi inombolo engu-64, 40, 60, 62.