Isikhathi esivela ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane kuze kube usuku lwama-28 lokuphila kwakhe (okubandakanya) kuthiwa yisikhathi sokubeletha. Le nkathi, futhi, ihlukaniswe yaba yibili: ekuqaleni (kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa intambo yomzimba kuze kube usuku lokuphila lwesi-7) futhi sekwephuzile (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-28).
Isikhathi sokuqala sokubeletha
Esikhathini sokuqala sokubeletha, ukujwayela okuyisisekelo ekuphileni komntwana kwenzeka ezimweni ezintsha kuye. I-oxygen ye-placental inikezwa yi-supply pulmonary futhi ingane iqala ukuphefumula. Umjikelezo omncane wokujikeleza kwegazi uqala ukusebenza, isimiso se-excretory sichitshiyelwa, izinguquko ku-metabolism zenzeka. Esikhathini sokuqala sokubeletha, isikhumba somntanakho siwu-hypermic - yilokhu okuthiwa i-catarrh yokuphila. Ngokuvamile kukhona i-jaundice engokwenyama ebangelwa ukungabonakali kwesibindi somntwana osanda kuzalwa. Esikhathini sokuqala sokubeletha, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba kwenzeka kanye nokukhululwa kwesikhumba sokuqala - i-meconium. Zonke izinhlelo zomzimba namanje zizinzile futhi ngakho-ke ukunakekela ingane esanda kuzalwa kumele kuqaphele futhi kuphelele. Kule nkathi, izifo ezinjalo zokubeletha njengezifo ze-hemolytic, izifo zokuphefumula, i-anemia kanye nezinye zingatholakala.
Isikhathi esilandelayo sokubeletha
Esikhathini sokuphela kwesikhathi sokubeletha kukhona isikhathi eside sokuthi ingane iguquke ngokuvumelana nezimo ezintsha. Uphilisa ngokugcwele isilonda esiswini. Ngomusi okwanele ovela kumama, ingane ingeza isisindo nokuphakama. Kuye kwakhiwa izimo ezixubile zomqondo, abahlaziyi bezinto ezibukwayo abakhayo, ukudidiyela ukuhamba. Uhlelo lokugaya luyaqhubeka lulungiswa, isitobhini sishintsha kusuka emnyama-aluhlaza kuze kube nsundu. Isikhumba somntwana siba pink futhi sihlanzekile. Uma usuku lokuqala ngemva kokubeletha ingane cishe cishe zonke izikhathi zokulala, ke esikhathini esibelethweni sokubeletha osanda kuzalwa ingane ichitha isikhathi esiningi futhi siphapheme. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ukusabela ngokumomotheka ukukhuluma naye.
Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ngokuncoma kwe-WHO, umqondo wamukelwa, inhloso yophila impilo enhle yengane. Lo mqondo uhlanganisa:
- ukuxhumana nomama nengane "isikhumba esikhumba";
- ukuqala kokuqala kokuncelisa ingane;
- ukunamathela emshinini wokushisa (ukugcina ingane efudumele kusukela emasontweni wokuqala emva kokuzalwa);
- ukuhlala kwengane nomama wakhe;
- ukugoma ngokubonisana nomama;
- ukukhishwa esibhedlela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 emva kokuzalwa;
- ephethe amakilasi nomama ukunakekela ingane, ukuncelisa.
Zonke lezi zimiso zinciphisa ithonya lokucindezeleka kokubeletha, zifaka isandla esimisweni sokuphila ngokomzimba kwengane esanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo yayo efanele esikhathini esizayo.