Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa - iseluleko esihle sokuvunwa okuhle

Ngokuqhubekayo, abanikazi bezifunda zasemadolobheni bacabanga ukuthi bangatshala kanjani ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa. Kakade, endaweni yokushisa ehlome kahle enekhono elihle, imifino entsha ingatshalwa unyaka wonke. Futhi ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yasekhaya kuyoba ngcono kangcono kunalokho okuthengwe. Ukuze uthole isivuno, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezithile.

Yiziphi ukhukhamba okufanele zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa?

Lapho sinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhukhamba okufanele zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi zime ezincane ze-partihenocarpic subspecies. Zakha izimbali eziningikazi futhi azidingi impova. Abakhiqizi babakhiphela ngaphandle ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivaliwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zingalinywa endaweni yokushisa, kodwa zizodinga ukuxubha okubhaliwe ukuze zenze i-ovary. Izinhlobo ezinhle zemifino yezakhiwo ezivaliwe:

1. I-Muraki F1. Ukuphumula, ukuzithela, ukukhiqiza. Ihlukaniswe izici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka, izithelo ezifinyelela ku-12 cm ngobukhulu.
2. Umfana onomunwe. Kakhulu, ukumelana nezifo. Imifino 11 cm ibukeka njenge-gherkins, enhle yokukhethwa.
3. Annushka F1. Ukuzitholela impova, hhayi ekuhloliseni kwezimila zokulima. Inikeza izithelo ezijwayelekile zama-gramu angu-125, enambitheka amanzi amaningi, crispy.
4. Zuza F1. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, izithelo zinesisindo esingama-gramu angu-120, okungenabuhlungu.

Ungatshala nini ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Njengomthetho, ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Imbewu. Isikhathi, lapho udinga ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, kubangelwa imishini yayo. Ipharamitha eyisisekelo yentuthuko yizinga lokushisa kwe-substrate, akufanele libe ngezansi + 15 ° C. Emibhoshini yokushisa, ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngenyanga eyishumi yokuqala kaFebhuwari, ngaphandle kwalo - ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
2. Izithombo. Ngokuvamile imbewu ihlwanyelwa emva kuka-Ephreli 20. Zihluma izinsuku ezimbili ku-25 ° C, bese zithola amandla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-25 (emva kukaMeyi 15) izithombo zingadluliselwa emhlabathini. Uma uhlakulela ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokushisa ezishisayo ngomnyaka, kulula ukwenza izimpande ezintathu futhi ube nemifino emisha kahle.

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Ukuqoqa isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa. Ngesikhathi sokulima, izikhathi zokutshala zicatshangelwa, uhlelo lokuhlwanyela, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, lulungiselelwe, lukhunjulwe futhi lufakwe emhlabathini. Ukufaka igumbi le-hothouse udinga indawo ephathekayo engathintwa yimimoya yasenyakatho. Indawo enomthamo oseningizimu iphelele endaweni. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka 150-200 cm.

Ukhukhamba - ukulungiselela i-greenhouse yokutshala

Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, kumele kulungiswe. Izindonga zakhiwo zakhiwe nge-disinfected entwasahlobo, ngoba ama-microorganisms ayingozi angabuthelela kuwo. Ukuze i-disinfection, i-chlorine lime iyasiza - 400 g / 10 amalitha amanzi. Ebusuku bokufika komuntu ngamunye, insimu engaphezulu (5-7 cm) yenhlabathi kufanele ishintshwe ibe entsha. Esikhathini esidala yizifo ezihlukahlukene zezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye namagciwane asithinta izithombo ezingapheli.

Ingozi enkulu esitshalweni ibanda. Ukushisa kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kokutshala kuyadingeka + 20-25 ° C, ukushintsha kwamalanga nobusuku akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-5-7 ° C. Ukuze ukwandise, imibhede igcwele imfucumfucu, umquba wokukhuphuka ungene ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angu-50. Esigabeni "sokufudumala", ungqimba lwama-sentimitha angu-25 we-substrate evundile lubekwa phezulu "kwephethiloli". Igumbi linikeza umswakama we-75-90%, ngoba kungcono ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa engagcwele umoya omile - isiko asikubekezeli. Lapho ukushisa kushisa, ama-scatterers amanzi.

Indlela yokutshala ikhukhamba izithombo endaweni yokushisa?

Embuzweni wokuthi ungatshala ukhukhamba kanjani ku-greenhouse ngaphandle kwezithombo, abalimi batusa ukukwenza ngaphandle kokukhethwa . Izimbiza ezikhethekile zifanelekile ukuhlwanyela. Bagcwele iqoqo le-humus, peat, turf (2: 1: 2). I-substrate ihlanganiswe ne-nitrophos (60 g / 10 kg) kanye nezimbalwa zezigesi zomlotha. Ama-granules angcwatshwa ngo-1 cm kumayunithi angu-1-2 emkhunjini omncane (5x5 cm), ehlanganiswe nefilimu futhi agcinwe ku-25 ° C. Ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili, i-cellophane isusiwe, izinga lokushisa liyancipha libe yi-18 ° C, limanzi ngamanzi ashisayo afudumele (+ 26-28 ° C).

Indlela yokutshala izithombo kusuka ukhukhamba in abamba ukushisa:

• emhlabathini inqotshwa emva kwezinsuku ezingama-25, esigabeni samaqabunga ama-3-4;
• Imithombo iyasetshenziswa nge-disinfected nge-potassium permanganate (i-1 g ye-potassium permanganate ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi) futhi ifakwe ngamanzi afudumele;
• Izithombo ezisuka ezigulini zepulasitiki zikhishwa kahle, amathangi we-peat kanye nesistimu yezimpande zifakwa emhlabathini;
• amahlumela ahlelwe ukuze i-com isale 1-2 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi, futhi intamo enkulu yayingazange ihlupheke ukuhamba phansi phakathi namahora okuchelela;
• ukuhlwanyela izithombo ngotshani obomile, ungagwema ukukhuphuka ngokweqile kwomswakama kanye nokubunjwa kwe-crust.

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba kubamba lokushisa ngembewu?

Indlela yokutshala ngokucophelela ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa enezilimo:

• sebenzisa okusanhlamvu okungu-2-3 ubudala;
• uwafake emanzini anosawoti (70 g / l), asuse emanzini;
• imbewu ineminyaka engama-1% isixazululo sama-manganese esibomvu imizuzu engu-30;
• shiya ku-gauze oswakanyisiwe usuku.

Ngabe ukujula kukubeka kanjani ukhukhamba ku-greenhouse?

Imbewu yembewu ifakwe ngendwangu ekhonjiwe kuze kufike emigodini noma emigodini. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inhlabathi ihambelana namanzi afudumele. Ukujula kokutshala ukhukhamba imbewu ekushiseni okuvaliwe kuvaliwe ngu-2-4 cm. Umgogodla wokusanhlamvu okuhlumekile akufanele ube mkhulu kune-0.5 cm, uma ngaphezulu - kunqatshiwe. Emgodini, imbewu engu-2 ibekiwe kude no-4 cm kusuka komunye nomunye (bese ushiya ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu), lifafazwe umhlaba futhi lihambelane . Ngemuva kokutshala, umbhede ugcwele i-polyethylene eguquguqukayo.

Kude kangakanani ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ungakanani ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, ngoba ayithandi ukuqina. Uhlelo lokuhlela: 15-20 cm phakathi kwama-specimens, no-50 cm - isikhala semigqa. Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezinhle zokukhanyisa izibani zeluleka ekuphatheni kwe-checkerboard. Emva kokusabalalisa kufanele kube yizihlahla eziyi-6 ngamitha yokusebenza. Amahlumela angakapheli izinsuku ezingu-4-5 ngemuva kokudlula.

Esikhathini sesigaba samaqabunga amabili ama-jagged, izithombo zivunyelwe ukuba zingene ngaphandle kokuqothula, kodwa ziphule kancane kancane amahlumela amaningi. Eceleni kwendonga ngayinye, intambo ihlanganisiwe noma umugqa omncane awukho ngaphansi kuka-2 m phezulu. Esigabeni 8-9 samacembe omunye kumele acabangele ukulungiswa kwamahlumela kuya kuma-trellises. Isitshalo esikhulayo sivutha umoya, sikhanyiswa kangcono, sithola ukushisa okungaphezulu.

Umhlabathi wokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Ukutshala okulungile kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa kwenziwa ngendlela elula, umhlaba ongenamandla wokuphendula ngokungathathi hlangothi. Ekwindla, umhlaba ususwe izinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna, ukuxilongwa nge-disinfected ngekhambi le-copper sulfate: 1 tbsp. l 10 amalitha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, i-substrate kumele ikhuliswe. Ngaphansi kokumba ekwindla, i-humus noma i-compost ithulwe ngesilinganiso sebhakede elingu-1 m2 yendawo.

Entwasahlobo inyanga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela emhlabathini wengeze 2 tsp superphosphate plus 2 tbsp. l ashisa isakhiwo ngasinye se-1m ² . Ngemuva kokuba i-ridge ithulwe intuthuko ye-biostimulator "Energene" (1 capsule / 10 amalitha amanzi) ngendlela evamile yamalitha angu-2-3 ngehora elilodwa le-2m. Ngisho nengxenye encane yalesi sidakamizwa ngokuphawulekayo yandisa ukuzala komhlabathi. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa umquba, indawo yokutshala esikhathini esizayo ifakwe futhi i-podpushivayut.

Indlela yokuphuza ukhukhamba ebusweni obushushu emva kokutshala?

Kokubili ukunqwabelana nokuntuleka kokunisela kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwe-ovary, iqabunga elomile, ukuchithwa kwesithelo. Inhlabathi ku-greenhouse ikhukhamba kumele ihlale imile, futhi ingabi manzi. Ukunisela amakhukhamba ngemuva kokutshala endaweni yokushisa kubangelwa isiteji sokukhula kwabo. Ngaphambi kokubhakabhaka, gcoba ngomthamo wamalitha ayi-6-8, esigabeni sokubunjwa kwe-ovary - 8-10 amalitha, esiteji sefruiting - 14-18 amalitha per 1m ² kabili ngesonto. Amanzi ashushu, uwuthulule ngaphansi kwezimpande, hhayi emaqabungeni (ukuze angabangeli ukushisa). Isikhathi ngasinye emva kokumisa, umhlabathi ukhululekile, ufefa utshani obomile.

Ukwengeza kwamakhukhamba lapho utshala endaweni yokushisa

Uma kutshalwa endaweni yokushisa, ukucwenga okungu-4-5 kuhlelwe. Umanyolo lapho utshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa:

• Ukudla kokuqala emva kokudlula emva kwamasonto amabili esiteji samaqabunga amabili ase-serrated: ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, ama-0.5 amalitha e-slurry ahlanganiswe;
• ukuze ukondliwe okwesibili esigabeni 3-4 samashidi akhanyisiwe, izimpande kuqala zithatha 1 ingxenye ye-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate kanye ne-urea ejwayelekile ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi;
• esiteji se-fruiting yenza i-nitrofoss yokudla yesithathu (50 g / m ² ) no-2 tbsp. l "Ukulungiselela" Gummi ", ukuchitha ama-5 amalitha eqoqo ngalinye ngemitha engu-1;
• Ukudla kwesithathu kuqaliswa kanye ngesonto kamuva.

Yini engingayifaka ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Uma kukhona ukusweleka kwesikhala kusayithi, ungasebenzisa izakhiwo ezixutshwe. Yini ongayifaka eceleni kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa:

• Iklabishi yaseBeijing, lwesinaphi, i-turnip - ingafakwa phakathi kwemigqa, uhlelo lokutshala luzoveza kanye nemifino nezinye izitshalo eziwusizo;
• njengendlela yokukhetha, ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa kungaba eduze kwe-dill - iyovikela imifino kahle kuma-parasites;
• i-pepper, i-aergergines - kubalulekile ukuyibeka eceleni ukuze isithunzi singangeni emahlumela;
• Anyanisi kanye negalikhi - kuhlangene ngempumelelo ngamakhukhamba;
• ama-asparagus ubhontshisi, i-peas - kungcono ukubeka phakathi kwehlathi, benza inhlabathi ibe yande kakhulu.

Yini engasetshala ukhukhamba kubamba lokushisa?

Kunezimo ezilimaza umphakathi. Indlela yokutshala ngokucophelela ukhukhamba ebamba lokushisa, okungafisi ukuhlanganisa:

• utamatisi namazambane: eseduze nabo ukhukhamba ubuna, futhi utamatisi ubola ngenxa yemiswakama ephezulu;
• ama-herbs esiphundu basil, i-coriander, ihisopi, i-oregano eceleni kwemifino eluhlaza ngeke ijabulise isivuno.