Wake wacabanga ukuthi ungakhula kanjani amakhowe kulelizwe? Imisindo exotic? Ngakho kunjalo. Kuze kube yilapho eyodwa kuphela okwenza lokhu. Kodwa-ke, kungani ungazami umsebenzi omusha, kukhona okungaphezulu ukuthi akudingi ukufakwa okuningi kwemali, akukho mizamo ebalulekile. Kulesi simo, uzokwazi ukuvuna izitshalo ezingavamile ngaphandle komncintiswano wezinkokhelo ezifanayo zamakhowe kanye nohambo olunzima oluya ehlathini. Njengoba ufunde kahle isigaba esisha sokulima, ungasetha ngisho nokuvuna kwakho.
Indlela yokutshala amakhowe ezweni?
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyisisekelo zokutshala amakhowe ezweni:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mycelium ethathwe ehlathini. Phakathi nokuqoqwa kwamakhowe ehlathini, waqaphela ukuthi isikhunta sakhula ikakhulukazi eduze kwezihlahla. Kulezi zindawo inhlabathi ivele ihlanganiswe ne-mycelium yawo. Konke okudingeka ukwenze ukudlulisela ngokucophelela ucezu lwalo mycelium kusayithi lakho. E-dacha yokusabalalisa i-mycelium, udinga ukudala izimo ezifana nezimo zokukhula kwamakhowe ehlathini, ukusuka lapho ubalethe khona. Uzodinga i-substrate ekhethekile, indima engaba yi-sawdust kanye netshani. Ngemva kokubeka i-mycelium kwisakhiwo esikhethiwe sensimu, kubalulekile ukumboza ngotshani futhi unakekele kahle i-hydration yayo. Emasontweni angu-2-3 uzothola isivuno sakho sokuqala.
- Dlulisela ku-dacha yomuthi we-mushroom onegciwane (ukuchotshozwa, i-hemp). Le ndlela ayijwayelekile. Akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Inkinga kuphela engenzeka ukuthi ukudluliswa kwefungi kuphela, kodwa futhi kunezinyosi. Lokhu kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela. Endaweni lapho uhlela khona ukubeka isitshalo noma log, udinga ukudala izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu zamakhowe - ukuthunga, umswakama.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu kusuka kumakhowe omisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuqoqa izigqoko zamakhowe asehlathini, ziwume, uziqede futhi uzihlakaze ngendlela efanele. Ukugcoba njalo kwenhlabathi kungekudala kuzokwenza imiphumela yayo - amakhowe azoqala ukuvela ku-dacha yakho.
Izinsiza zokutshala amakhowe
Ama-mushroom e-oyster, athengiswa ezitolo yonke unyaka wonke, atshalwa indlela yokukhiqiza ngobuningi kakhulu ekufakweni okukhethekile. Ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuzalanisa kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo ngisho nendawo encane noma emiphongolweni. Omunye wenza ibhizinisi elisekelwe ekhaya, futhi abanye bamane banokwanele ukuzinikela bona nabo bonke abathandekayo babo ngamakhowe ukuze basebenzise. Indlela yokutshala amakhowe ezweni?
Isethi lamakhowe akhula libukeka kanje:
- i-substrate ehlanganisa utshani, izihlahla ze-non-coniferous, ama-peels ezivela imbewu, ezichotshoziwe kudoti futhi zinganakwa emanzini ashisayo;
- izikhwama ze-polyethylene ezinezimbobo zazo zonke izinhlobo ezingu-10-15, lapho i-substrate elungiselelwe ibeka khona;
- i-mushroom mycelium, okumele ibekwe emasakeni phakathi kwezingxenye ze-substrate.
Yiziphi amakhowe ongahlwanyelwa ezweni?
Cishe noma yikuphi ama-mushroom ehlathini angakhula ngempumelelo endaweni yabo. Amakhowe avamile kakhulu kuleli lizwe:
- ubilise;
- i-fungus emhlophe;
- i-poderezozovik;
- amafutha angakwazi;
- i-redheadhead.
Indlela yokutshala amakhowe amakhowe?
Ama-champignon angakhula emasakeni, amabhokisi, embhedeni. Ukuvuna okuvuthileko kuzothela ukulima emibhodweni yokuzibandakanya, okungukuthi, emasakeni namabhokisi. Ukwengeza, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukulawula kangcono izifo nezinambuzane, uvele uhlukanise iziqukathi ezinegciwane. Ngakho, kumbuzo wokuthi ungcono kanjani ukukhulisa amakhowe ekhaya, impendulo ukudala izimo ezifanele endlini.
Ukuze ukhule amakhowe we-straw elula noma i-sawdust substrate ngeke yanele. Uzodinga umquba wekhwalithi, ohlanganisa utshani we-perepremshuyu kanye nembewu ye-rye noma ukolweni. Kungathengwa ezinhlanganweni zezolimo. Kuyo, udinga ukwengeza umquba wamahhashi (kufika ku-80% weqhaza) noma i-mullein. Izinyoni zezinyoni ezifanelekayo, kodwa isivuno samakhowe sizoba sezingeni eliphansi. Kule substrate, i-mycelium isethwe ngesilinganiso esingu 400-500 g ngayinye imitha yesikwele.
Ngakho, kanjani ukutshala amakhowe ezweni? Ukubeka i-mycelium ezinkwameni nge-substrate, kuzomele ulinde izinsuku ezingu-3, bese wenza izintambo ezingu-5-6 esikhwameni ngasinye bese ushiya ebumnyameni ekushiseni kuka-18-20 ° C. Kakade emva kwamasonto amabili ku-slits kuyoba khona amakhowe okuqala. Kuleli qophelo, udinga ukudlulisela izikhwama ekamelweni elikhanyayo nelokujikeleza ngehora elikhanyayo ngezinga lokushisa lika-20-27 ° C nomswakama ophezulu (70-95%). Ama-champignon azokhula kuze kube ngosayizi wabo ofanele emavikini angu-3-4. Ukuqoqa isivuno sabo, udinga ukuhambisa izikhwama emuva ekamelweni elimnyama, lapho zizoqala ukukhula futhi emva kwesonto.
Ukukhula kwamakhowe amhlophe kuleli zwe
Inkosi yamakhowe iphumelela ikhula endaweni ehlelwe kahle. Indlela yokukhulisa lawa amakhowe ezweni? Ukuze ukhule, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezichazwe ngenhla - ukufakelwa kwe-mycelium, ukutshala kwe-mycelium (kuhlanganise nokuthengwa kwe-mycelium), ukusabalalisa kwezinhlamvu. Lawa amakhowe amahlumela amahle e-dacha akhula eduze kwezihlahla, lapho udinga ukususa ungqimba wamamitha amahlanu womhlaba ukubola umquba, ubeke imbewu, i-mycelium noma i-mycelium futhi uwahlanganise ngendwangu yamacembe. Isayithi ene-mycelium kufanele iphuze ngezikhathi ezithile. Ebusika, i-mycelium kufanele ihanjiswe nomquba futhi ifakwe ifilimu uma kudingekile.
Indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe ama-oyster kuleli zwe?
Ukulima kwe- veshenok uzodinga isethi, evezwe ngenhla (substrate, mycelium kanye nezikhwama). Umbuzo uhlala uvulekile: indlela yokutshala amakhowe, yiphi indawo engcono ukuba bahlomise, indlela yokuyihambisa, njll. Igumbi le inkukhu kufanele livaliwe, limanzi, ngokushisa okungapheli kwama-22-25 ° C kanye nomswakama of 95%. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30 emva kokuqala kokulima, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kufanele lihliswe libe ngu-12-18 ° C.
Ukufudumala nokuphucula izimo ezibalulekile zokukhuphula amakhowe ama-oyster. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungabeka ibhakede lamanzi ekamelweni bese ufaka fan. Ukukhanyisa amahora angu-12 ngosuku kunganikezwa ngezibani ze-fluorescent. Ngemuva kokuqoqa izivuno ezimbili zama-oyster amakhowe asuka esikhwameni esisodwa, i-substrate kumele ishintshwe. Izinga lokukhiqiza kusuka ku-10 kg we-substrate yi-3 kg yamakhowe. Ngonyaka, ukufaka endaweni ye-substrate izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ngokwesilinganiso. Kubonakala ukuthi kusukela kuyo yonke imitha yesikwele "isitshalo" sakho samakhowe ungaqoqa cishe ama-80-100 kg wamakhowe.
Ukukhula kwama-chanterelles ezweni
Indlela yokukhulisa ama- chanterelles ezweni - ucela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga i-mycelium ehluma ezimpandeni eduze kwezihlahla ezikhulayo. Ngokuvamile kuba i-oak noma i-beech. Imizamo yokwenza "abangani" ama-chanterelles anezihlahla zegadi ayakuhluleka. Uma ungenalo umuthi ofanelekile, uzodinga ukuyitshala. Kungcono ukuthatha ihlathi umuthi omncane nge-mycelium ekulungele izimpande. Uma ugoqa umuthi, ubambe 15-20 cm womhlaba ne-coniferous ilitha. Tshala umuthi onjalo e-penumbra, unikeze ukuchelela njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingekile ukuba umanyolo umhlabathi - wonke ama-mushroom chanterelles adingekayo azothatha ezimpandeni zomuthi.
Ukukhula kwamafutha ngamazwe kuleli zwe
Kungcono kakhulu ukuzalela le fungus ngendlela yokuqoqa amakhowe. Ngokuvamile zikhula phakathi kwamapayipi amancane - lokhu kuyisayithi lehlathi elidinga ukulidlulisela ku-dacha yakho. Indlela yokukhulisa ibhotela ku-cottage: lawa amakhowe kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi icebile ku-lime. Ukukhanyiswa kwesayithi ekhethiwe ukutshala kufanele kube okulinganayo, ngelanga elingaqondile. Ngezikhathi ezinomsoco, umbhede wamafutha kufanele uphuze kakhulu. Isivuno sokuqala sizovela eminyakeni engu-3-4 kamuva.
Vula ku-cottage
Uma usungusha ezindabeni zendlela yokuzala amakhowe kuleli zwe, qalisa ngehlumela elilula - lokuzala. Ehlathini, zikhula ngezigxobo zokugwedla nezigqoko. Udinga nje ukudlulisela okuthile kusuka kulokhu kuya kusayithi lakho. Enye indlela ukuhlwanyela i-mycelium kwisitshalo sesitembu esivela ensimini. Okulungile, uma kuyisitshalo se-beech, i-aspen, i-poplar, i-willow, i-oki noma umlotha. Indawo yokulima yabo kufanele ibe shady futhi enomswakama. Isitshalo sokuqala ngemuva kokutshala i-mycelium kulindeleke emva kweminyaka engu-1-2.