Indlela ye-PCR (i-polymerase chain reaction) yiyona "izinga elenziwe ngegolide" lezinkinga ze-DNA zanamuhla, indlela ezwela kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo zamangqamuzana. Indlela ye-PCR isetshenziselwa imithi, izakhi zofuzo, ubugebengu kanye nezinye izinkambu. Kusetshenziswa njalo futhi ngempumelelo ekutholeni izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nge-PCR
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuvumela ukuthi kungaboni nje kuphela i-pathogen ngokwayo, kodwa ngisho nenye ingxenyana ye-DNA yangaphandle kulwazi oluphenywa. Izinto eziphenywayo (eziphilayo) yilezi: i-venous blood, amaseli e-epithelial kanye nemfihlo yesigcawu somzimba, isidoda, umathe, i-sputum nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ulwazi oludingekayo lwezinto eziphilayo luqondiswa izifo ezitshelwe.
Indlela ye-PCR ngesikhathi sethu, Yebo, iyithuluzi lokuxilonga elinamandla. Mhlawumbe ukuhlukunyezwa okuwukuphela kwesifundo kuyinani eliphezulu.
Eluhlu lwezifo, ukuba khona kwayo kungasetshenziswa indlela ye-PCR:
- i-pneumonia yegciwane ne-bacterium;
- isifo sofuba;
- isishukela, i-rubella, i-parotitis;
- isifo sofuba esithathelwanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo;
- i-salmonellosis, i-diphtheria;
- I-helicobacteriosis nezifo ezibangelwa izifo zamathumbu;
- Ama-STD (izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi): i-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, i-ureaplasmosis, i-syphilis, i-AIDS, i-herpes yobulili, i-gardnerellez kanye nabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-STI usebenzisa indlela ye-PCR
Ngokungafani nokuhlaziywa kwendabuko, inqubo ye-PCR ivumela ukuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi (izifo zobulili) ngisho noma izimpawu zabo zingekho ngokuphelele. Ukuze iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo, abesifazane bahlaselwa amaseli e-epithelial emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho, amadoda - ukudweba kwe-urethra. Uma kunesidingo, indlela ye-PCR iqhuba isifundo segazi eliyingozi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-STI usebenzisa indlela ye-PCR kwenza kube lula ukukhomba:
- i-immunodeficiency virus (i-HIV);
- i-treponemus ephahleni (i-causative agent ye-syphilis);
- I-Herpes simplex virus ne-cytomegalovirus;
- i-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV);
- i-chlamydia, i-toxoplasm, i-mycoplasmas, i-ureaplasma nezinye izifo zobulili.
Uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCR kwenziwa kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela yamanga emihle ayikhishiwe. Ngokwehlukana, kusho ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe nge-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) nokubaluleka kwendlela ye-PCR yokuxilongwa kwayo. Ngokungafani ne-smear ye-oncocytological, indlela ye-PCR inganquma uhlobo oluthile lwe-HPV, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zayo ze-oncogenic ezingu-16 no-18, okukhona lapho okusongela owesifazane onesifo esinzima futhi esibulalayo njengesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho . Ukuthola okwesikhashana izinhlobo ze-oncogenic ze-HPV ngendlela ye-PCR ngokuvamile kunikeza ithuba lokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Immunoenzyme (ELISA) nendlela ye-polymerase chain reaction (PCR): pluses kanye namaminithi
Iyiphi indlela yokuxilonga engcono: i-PCR noma i-ELISA? Impendulo efanele kulombuzo ayikho, ngoba empeleni ukuxilongwa ngosizo lwalezi zifundo ezimbili kunezinhloso ezahlukene. Futhi kaningi izindlela ze-IFA ne-PTSR zisetshenziswe kwinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuyadingeka ukucacisa i-agent causative ethize yesifo, kungatholakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka, naphezu kokungabikho kokubonakaliswa kwesifo kwalesi sifo. Le ndlela ilungele ukuthola ukutheleleka okufihliwe okungapheli nokugciwane.
Ngokungafani nenqubo ye-PCR, indlela ye-ELISA iklanyelwe ukuthola i-agent causative yokutheleleka, kepha ukuphendula kwamagciwane omzimba kuwo, okungukuthi, ukuthola ukuthi kukhona khona namanqamuzana omzimba ku-pathogen ethile. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-antibodies olutholakalayo (IgM, IgA, IgG), isiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo esithathelwanayo singanqunywa.
Zombili izindlela kanye ne-PCR, ne-ELISA inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu (100 no-90%, ngokulandelana). Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwe-ELISA kwezinye izimo kunika amanga amanga (uma umuntu egula ngesifo esithile esikhathini esedlule) noma okungekho amanga (uma ukutheleleka kudluliselwa kakhulu).