Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-zygote ihluke kanjani ku-gametes, umuntu kufanele aqale awazi izincazelo zawo.
I-gamete iyinhlangano yeselula yokuzala enesethi esisodwa (noma se-haploid) yama-chromosomes abamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni ngokocansi. Ngamanye amazwi, iqanda ne-spermatozoon yi-gametes eneqoqo lama-chromosomes angu-23 ngamunye.
I-Zygote ingumphumela we-fusion ye-gametes emibili. Okusho ukuthi i-zygote yenziwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaqanda wesifazane kanye nesidoda sowesilisa. Ngenxa yalokho, iqala umuntu (esimweni sethu, umuntu) enezici eziphilayo eziphilayo zombili zomzali.
Yisiphi isethi sama-chromosomes enza i-zygote?
Njengoba kucacile, iqoqo lama-chromosomes ku-zygote lakhiwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-chromosomes engama-23 ku-gametes yomzali ngayinye, ngoba i-zygote ngokwayo ikhiwa ngesikhathi kuhlanganiswa kwe-gametes ezimbili. Okusho ukuthi, kunezinhlobo ezingu-46 ze-chromosomes ku-zygote.
Indima ye-zygote ne-gametes iphakeme, ngoba ngaphandle kokukhiqiza futhi ukuguqulwa kwesizukulwane akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-zygote kanye nentuthuko elandelayo yezinhlobo ezintsha ezivela ku-zygote inikeza ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kwabantu emhlabeni.
Amageyimu (amasondo omzimba) avela kunoma yikuphi, kufaka phakathi komuntu, umzimba emva kokukhulelwa kwakhe. Lawa maseli anikezwa imisebenzi ehlukile. Ziyisiteshi sokudluliselwa kolwazi oluvela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. I-nuclei yabo iqukethe yonke imininingwane edingekayo yefa layo ngokuphila okusha.
Uma sicabanga nge-gametes eyingqayizivele yowesilisa nowesifazane, banokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, leli qanda liqukethe eziningi ze-cytoplasm ne-nutrient material (i-yolk) edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwembungu elizayo. Esikhathini sesidoda, kunalokho, kunezinga eliphezulu le-vascular-cytoplasmic, okungukuthi, cishe lonke iseli limelelwa yinucleus. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi oyinhloko wesilisa - udinga ukuletha izinto ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka eqenjini.