Cishe wonke owesifazane, ikakhulukazi esemncane, okungenani wayebhekene nezifo zesistimu ye-urinary. Emva kokuhlolwa okuphelele, i-hydronephrosis yezinso ngokuvamile ibonakalisiwe - kuyini, ngeshwa, odokotela abavamile ukuchaza, beshiya isiguli ngokungazi ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olunjalo, ngoba ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa lokugula nokuqonda kwesifo somuntu siqu yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Iyini isifo sezinso se-hydronephrosis?
Ukugula okucatshangelwayo empeleni kuyishintsho sezinso.
Ngenxa yokuphulwa kokuphuma komchamo, futhi, ngokufanele, ukugcinwa kwazo ezithombeni zesistimu ye-excretory, kunokunyuka kwengcindezi (i-hydrostatic) emagodleni nasezintweni zezinso. Ngenxa yalesi simo banda, okuyinto eholela ekucindezeni imithwalo yegazi, ukuwohloka kokudla kwezitho, ukusebenza kwabo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-atrophic ku-parenchyma.
Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona i-hydronephrosis yezinso ezilodwa. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi, ngokuqoqwa kwamanzi emzimbeni kwesinye sezigungu, okwesibini kuthatha umthwalo ophindwe kabili ekususweni kwamanzi abilayo, ukubuyisela ukungasebenzi.
I-hydronephrosis ye-bilateral yezinso, njengomthetho, iqala ngokumelene nesifo sezifo zangaphambilini zesimiso somchamo, okubuye kwaqhubekela phambili kuzo zombili izitho ezihlangene.
Izigaba zezinso ze-hydronephrosis
Ngokulingana nokuthi izinga lezinso ezilimele lingenza kanjani imisebenzi yalo eqondile, izigaba ezintathu zezifo ezichazwe ziyaziwa:
- Kwakukhona ukunwetshwa kwendawo yesikhumba kuphela yesitho. Izinso ngokwazo azizange zenze izinguquko, noma azibalulekile futhi aziphazamisi ukusebenza kwayo.
- Isikhwama sikhuliswa ngokujulile nge-thinning ngesikhathi esisodwa sezindonga zayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu bezinso banda (cishe ngo-18-20%). Ikhono lekhanda lokuphuma emcimbini alinamandla kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nokusebenza kwezinso - kusuka ku-20 ukuya kuma-40%.
- Ukwandisa okukhulu, njenge-pelvis, nezinkomishi, ngenxa yokuthi izinso zibukeka kanjani njengegumbi lamakamelo amaningi. Ubukhulu besigungu banda ngesilinganiso se-1.5-2. Kuphazanyiswa okukhulu kwemisebenzi yezinso ezimele, ngo-70-80%. Ezimweni ezimbi, ngokuvamile ngokuyeka ukusebenza.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-kidney hydronephrosis isifo, isimo se-parenchyma (izicubu ezibheke phezulu) zelungu akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bomonakalo walo, lesi sifo singamazinga amathathu:
- I-parenchyma igcinwa ngokuphelele.
- Izilonda zamathambo azibalulekile.
- Ukulimala okukhulu kwegobolondo.
- Ukukhubazeka kwezinso, ukungabi khona kwe-parenchyma.
Izimpawu nezimbangela zezinso ze-hydronephrosis
Ukukhubazeka kwangasese kuvela ngenxa yezici ezinjalo:
- ukuhlukumezeka kwendawo ye-arteries kanye namagatsha ezinso;
- ukuvinjelwa komgudu we-urinary;
- indawo engalungile ye-ureter;
- ama-valve, izakhiwo zokuhlaziya;
- i-dyskinesia yepheshana lomchamo.
Izimbangela ze-hydronephrosis ezitholakale ngemva kokuzalwa ziyizi:
- izicubu zesisu kanye nomlomo wesibeletho, ama-ovaries;
- urolithiasis;
- Ukunciphisa umuthi we-urinary emva kokulimala;
- izifo zokuvuvukala zezingxenye zesistimu ye-urinary nokuzala;
- umonakalo kumgogodla;
- Ukungena okungahambi kahle, izidakamizwa ezincane zesikhumba noma isikhala se-retroperitoneal;
- i-neoplasm ye-urinary tract.
Njengomthetho, ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-hydronephrosis kungenakuthola isiguli. Isibonakaliso sodwa saleso sifo siwukubuhlungu okubuhlungu, okukhona njalo, kungakhathaliseki isimo somzimba nesikhathi sosuku. Ngezinye izikhathi ukushisa komzimba kuphakama uma ukutheleleka kuhlangana. Ezimweni ezingavamile, igazi lidonswa emcinini.
Ezingxenyeni eziseduze zalesi sifo, unayo yonke imitholampilo yokuhluleka kwezinso.
Iyini ingozi yesifo sezinso hydronephrosis?
I-pathology ehlolwayo ingaba nzima ngezinkinga ezithile, eziyingozi empilweni nasekuphileni:
- i-sepsis ;
- ukuhluleka kwezinso;
- i-pyelonephritis ;
- urolithiasis;
- ukuphuka kwesigqoko se-hydronephrosis;
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu.