I-hormone yegciwane - yini okufanele abesifazane bazi ngayo?

Amahomori wegciwane le-thyroid eningi ngokwanele linikeza umsebenzi obalulekile ojwayelekile wenyama - uyondla ngamandla. Kodwa ngokushesha lapho izinga labo lishintsha, izinkinga ziqala ezingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuze uzigweme, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela impilo yakho futhi wazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-hypo- ne-hyperthyroidism.

Yiziphi i-hormone ezikhiqizwa yi-gland yegciwane?

Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo zikhiqizwa ku-gland yegciwane:

• i-triiodothyronine;
• i-thyroglobulin.

La mahomoni we-gland yegciwane anezimpawu ezijwayelekile - T3 no-T4, ngoba eyodwa iqukethe ezintathu, nakwamanye ama-molecule amane e-iodine. Ngaphandle kokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo akunakwenzeka. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi zibaluleke kangakanani, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amahomoni wegciwane okwenzayo. Futhi banesibopho sokuthi:

• ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni;
• umsebenzi ojwayelekile wamangqamuzana (ngenxa yokwanda kwe-oxygen);
• ukusheshisa kwenqubo yokuvuselelwa kwezicubu;
• ukwanda kwezinga legazi legazi kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-insulin ekusithekeni;
• ukujwayelekile kokushintshaniswa kwamanzi;
• ukuhlukanisa amafutha nokunciphisa inani labo egazini;
• ukukhula;
• ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho kanye ne-CNS;
• ukwakheka kwamaseli egazi;
• ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
• ukwakheka kokushisa;
• ukulawula imisebenzi yokuzala.

Ihlaziya amahomoni wegciwane

Lolu hlobo lokutadisha lubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba noma yikuphi ukushintsha-ngisho nokunyuka okuncane noma ukwehla-kokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone kubonisa ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwesitho. Izinkomba zokwenza i-blood test ye-hormone yegciwane, njengombuso, zifana nalokhu:

• ecatshangelwa ukuthi u-hypo-or hyperthyroidism;
• i-goiter ;
• ukungabi namuntu ;
• ukwephula noma ukungabikho komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
• ukugoba ;
• ukungasebenzi ngokocansi (ikakhulukazi, ukungabi nesifiso sobulili);
• i-arrhythmias;
• ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni izingane (kokubili engqondweni nangokwecansi);
• isethi ebukhali noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamhomoni wegciwane - ukulungiselela

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela ilungile futhi ibonise isithombe esihlose kakhulu, kuningi okumelwe kuthathwe ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni e-thyroid, ukulungiswa kudinga lokhu:

1. Cishe inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokucwaninga, kunconywa ukuthi wenqabe ukuthatha zonke izinhlobo zamahomoni we-thyroid (ngaphandle kwalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukulandela imiyalo ekhethekile ye-endocrinologist).
2. Ebusuku bokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ungalokothi uhlanganyele emidlalweni elula.
3. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwamahomoni wegciwane, kufanele uyeke ukuphuza izithako ze-iodine.
4. Okungenani ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kunconywa ukuthi angabhemi, hhayi ukuphuza utshwala futhi kungabheki isimiso sezinzwa.
5. Udinga ukunikela ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho. Kulesi simo, isiguli kumele siphumule ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ungadlulisa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni we-gland yegciwane?

Inqubo ye-sampuli yegazi ithathwa ngokuya kwesikimu sendabuko. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, i-tourniquet isinamathiselwe esandleni. Kukhona neminye imiyalezo. Lokhu akuxwayiswa kuwo wonke ama-laboratories, kodwa kunezimiso ezithile zokulethwa kwezivivinyo. Ukwaziswa ngabo kusiza ukusindisa isikhathi esiningi nemisipha. Nakhu ukuthi unganikela ngegazi kumahomoni we-thyroid:

1. Amahomoni avamile namahhala awayeki ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma i-laboratory inikeza lokhu, kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bazama nje ukwandisa izindleko zesiguli.
2. Asikho isidingo sokunquma kabusha i-AT ye-TPO (i-immunoglobulins ethize echitha i-enzyme ye-iodine), njengoba kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi izinga lama-antibodies alifani nesimo sezempilo sesiguli.
3. Ungathathi i-thyroglobulin ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala. Lokhu kuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukuwachaze ngokuqondile, bekhohlise isiguli. Njengomthetho, igazi lala mahomoni wegciwane le-thyroid linikezela lapho kunomsolo we-oncology.

Isimiso se-hormone ye-thyroid

Izinto ezitholakala emzimbeni zingabonakala ngezindlela ezimbili: ezihlobene namaprotheni futhi zingaboshwa (mahhala). Inombolo yabo yonke inikeza inkomba evamile. Ngamafomu ngayinye kunemigomo yokuqukethwe kwawo egazini. Umkhuba wamahomoni e-thyroid kubesifazane ubukeka kanje:

• isamba esingu-T4: kusuka ku-62 ukuya ku-141 nmol / l;
• I-T4 yamahhala: 1.5 - 2.9 μg / 100 ml;
• inani le-T3: 1.17 - 2.18 nmol / l;
• I-T3 yamahhala: 0.4 ng / 100 ml.

Ama-hormone e-thyroid aphakanyiswa

I-Hyperthyroidism ayitholakali kaningi njenge-hypothyroidism. Kodwa lesi simo kubhekwa njengengozi futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okujulile. I-hormone ye-thyroid ephakanyisiwe yinkinga yemitholampilo lapho inani lezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo egazini likhula, nomphumela wabo onobuhlungu emathangeni nasezigungwini ziqiniswa. Lapho ama-hormone wegciwane we-gland ye-thyroid ekhishwa ngokweqile, zonke izinqubo kanye nemisebenzi yezidakamizwa zezitho zangaphakathi ziphulwa emzimbeni, izinqubo ze-oxidative ziyashesha.

Ukwandisa ama-hormone e-thyroid - izimbangela

Njengomthetho, i-hyperthyroidism iqala ngokumelene nesimo sezifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma igciwane lengculazi liqala ukhiqiza ama-hormone ngokweqile, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe izifo ezinjalo:

1. Isifo se-Basedova. Ngalokhu kutholakala ukuthi igciwane le-thyroid liqinisiwe. Ibeka cishe ama-75% wamacala we-hyperthyroidism.
2. Isisu se-Pituitary. Esinye sezimo ezinzima kunazo zonke futhi eziyingozi. I-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating, yokwenza i-T3 ne-T4, ikhiqizwa kuphela emgodini we-pituitary. Lapho i-tumor isakhiwe, umsebenzi wale ngxenye yobuchopho, kanye ne-gland gland, iphazamiseka.
3. Ukuvuvukala. Lapho ukuhlaziywa kwamakhomoni e-thyroid kubonisa ukunyuka kwe-indices, lokhu kungase kubonise nokuvuvukala kwamagciwane esithombeni. Futhi uma nje ukutheleleka kuqedwe, isimo sesiguli sijwayelekile.

I-Hyperthyroidism ingabuye ibe yifa. Kodwa maduzane, lesi sifo sitholakale sitholwa kulabo abahlukumeza ama-iodine amalungiselelo. Ukudla akukwazi ukudlula umzimba ngomzimba ngalokhu, kodwa imithi - kalula. Ngokuyinhloko, igazi le-hormone ye-thyroid lithunyelwa ukunikeza abathandi bokuzivocavoca. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme i-hyperthyroidism, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-iodine - ngisho nokulula futhi zokuvimbela - kufanele zithathwe kuphela ngokulandela uhlelo oluhlotshaniswa nodokotela.

Ama-hormone e-thyroid aphakanyiswa - izimpawu

I-surplus yezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo inomthelela oqinile emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ungakholelwa ukuthi ama-hormone aphezulu wegciwane ayinzima. I-Hyperthyroidism ingabonisa izimpawu ezinjalo:

• ukulahlekelwa isisindo esibukhali nesingenangqondo ngesifiso esihle;
• ukushisa ukubekezelelana;
• ukujuluka okukhulu;
• ukubukeka kwezinwele ezimbuzi;
• izinwele ezincane;
• ukoma okungapheli;
• izinkinga emsebenzini wezinambuzane zamathumbu, ezihambisana nokuqotshwa noma ukuhlanza;
• Ukwandiswa kwentamo ngosayizi (ezindaweni ezinganakiwe kakhulu - ukwakheka kwesisu, ubukhulu obusobala);
• ukucasula;
• ukulala;
• ukubonakala kokuthuthumela ezandleni;
• i-tachycardia;
• i-arrhythmia;
• ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
• ukuphrinta kwamehlo;
• ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo;
• ukukhala okungapheli;
• ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
• amapuleti aphikisayo.

Ukwandisa amahomoni wegciwane - ukwelashwa

Ungaphumelela amazinga e-hormone yegciwane ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

1. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Isetshenziswa ezinyathelweni zokuqala, lapho ukwelapha iziguli ezingaphansi kuka-50. Imithi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke: i-Methimazol ne-Propylthiouracil. Lezi zidakamizwa zivimbela ukuqoqwa kwe-iodine. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe yi-course futhi kungenziwa isikhathi eside.
2. Ukunciphisa ama-hormone egunjini le-thyroid kusiza iodine ye-radioactive. Isixazululo esinomsoco esicindezelekile siholela ekubhujisweni okuyingxenye yelungu nokunciphisa okulandelwayo inani lempahla ekhishwe.
3. Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Amahomori we-gland yegciwane kubesifazane ngokuhleleka angenziwa ngokususa isitho ngokuphelele noma ngokuncane.
4. Ukusekela umzimba nge-hyperthyroidism kuzosiza nokudla. Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi zemifula, iklabishi, i-zucchini, i-broccoli, isipinashi, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu.

Amahomori we-gland yegciwane anciphisa

Nge-hypothyroidism, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-thyroxine eyanele. Ama-hormone e-thyroid aphansi aholela ekunciphiseni kwemisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi inqubo yokusebenzisa umzimba. Ukwazi izimpawu zesifo se-hypothyroidism, lesi sifo singatholakala ngesinye isikhathi futhi siphathwe. Njengomthetho, emva kohlelo oluphelele lwezokwelapha, zonke izibonakaliso zesifo ziyanyamalala.

Ihlise amahomoni e-thyroid - izimbangela

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-hypothyroidism yi-iodine ukuntuleka. Kodwa kunezinye izici ezifakazela ukuthi i-hormone yegciwane le-TSH ikhiqizwa ngokwanele okwanele. Phakathi kwabo:

• I-Down syndrome;
• ukusebenza okusetshenzisiwe ku-shchitovidke noma i-radiotherapy;
• autoimmune thyroiditis ;
• I-Turner syndrome;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile (njenge-Amiodarone noma i-Litin, isibonelo).

Amahomoni wegciwane anciphisa - izimpawu

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypothyroidism kungathuthuka kancane futhi kubi kakhulu kancane - izinyanga eziningana noma ngisho neminyaka. I-hormone ye-thyroid yehlisa isifo se-T4 ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezinjengalezi:

• ukukhathala;
• ukushisa komzimba kwehla;
• ukungaqondakali kwengqondo (ukucabanga kwengqondo, ukucindezeleka, ukuguquka kwemizwelo);
• ukuthuthumela kwezandla;
• ukuzwa njalo okubandayo;
• ukoma nokukhishwa kwesikhumba;
• ukukhubazeka kwememori;
• ukujuluka okukhulu kwezintende zezandla;
• ukungena ngokweqile noma ngokweqile kakhulu;
• kunciphise libido;
• ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu, imilenze neminwe;
• ukuvinjelwa kokuphefumula komzimba;
• ukuwohloka kwezinwele nezipikili;
• ukunciphisa yonke imisipha yokunyakaza.

I-hormone ye-thyroid iyancipha - ukwelashwa

Njengoba i-hypothyroidism kuyinkinga enkulu, idinga ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma i-hormone ephansi ye -roid, kufanele ngenzeni? Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-Medicated. Inhloso yokufaka izinto ezilahlekile eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Kodwa kukhona ukwehluleka okuphawulekayo - lokhu ukwelashwa kungaholela ekutheni i-atrophy ye-gland yegland.
2. Ukubuyisela emuva. Lokhu ukwelashwa kukuvumela ukuba ulethe izinga le-hormone emuva evamile ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemithi. Okuyinhloko yokwelashwa yimbangela ebuchosheni kanye nesistimu ye-neon autonomic nge-weak current yamanje ngokusebenzisa amaphuzu asebenzayo.