Izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic ziyiqembu lezidakamizwa ezenzelwe ukuvimbela noma ukuvimbela izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli we-pathological and the growth of tissue tissues.
Ngabe i-cytostatics ibekwe nini?
Indawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezibuzwayo yilona ukwelashwa kwezicubu ezimbi ezibhekene nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okungalawulwa okukhulu (umdlavuza, i- leukemia , i-lymphomas, njll).
Ngokwezinga elingaphansi, imiphumela yezidakamizwa kuleli qembu ilawulwa ngamaseli avamile ahlukanisa ngokushesha omnkantsha, isikhumba, izibilini ezingenangqamuzana, i-epithelium yepheshana lomathumbu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cytostatics futhi ngezifo ezizimele (i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma, i-lupus nephritis, isifo soMzimba, isifo se-systemic lupus erythematosus, njll).
Njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic zingenziwa ngomlomo ngezindlela zamathebulethi, ama-capsules, noma njengemijovo (emangcwabeni, e-intra-arterial, intraluminal, intravitreal). Ubude benkambo yokwelashwa kuboniswa ubukhulu besifo, ukuphumelela nokubekezela komuthi.
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic
I-Cytostatics ihlelwe ngenhloso yokuhleleka, futhi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunemibandela, ngoba izidakamizwa eziningi zeqembu elifanayo zinendlela yokwenza okuyingqayizivele futhi ziphumelela ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele zezicubu ezimbi. Nansi uhlu oluyinhloko lwamagama wezidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic:
1. Izidakamizwa ezithinta izidakamizwa:
- ama-alkylsulfonates (Busulfan, Treosulfan);
- i-ethylenimines (i-Thiotepa);
- izidakamizwa ze-nitrosoureas (i-Nimustine, i-Lomustine, i-Carmustine, i-Mystophoran, i-Streptozotocin);
- i-chloroethylamines (i-Chlorambucil, i-Ifosfamide, i-Bendamustine, i-Cyclophosphamide, iMelphalan, iTrophosphamide).
2. I-Alkaloids yesitshalo:
- amapodophyllotoxins (Teniposide, Etoposide);
- amathenda (docetaxel, paclitaxel);
- vinaalkaloids (Vindesin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine).
3. Antimetabolites:
- abaphikisi be-folic acid (i-Ralitrexed, i-Methotrexate);
- Abaphikisi be-Purine (Cladribine, Fludarabine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine);
- abaphikisana ne-pyrimidine (i-cytarabine, i-capecitabine, i-gemcitabine, i-fluorouracil).
4. Ama-antibiotics anomsebenzi wokuphikisa:
- i-anthracyclines (i-Doxorubicin, i-Daunorubicin, i-Epirubicin, i-Idarubicin, i-Mitoxantrone);
- ezinye antibiotic antiitumoral (mitomycin, bleomycin, plikamycin, dactinomycin).
5. Ezinye i-cytostatics:
- iziqephu ze-camptothecin (i-Irinotecan, i-Topotecan);
- iziqephu ze-platinum (iCisplatin, i-Carboplatin, i-Oxaliplatin);
- abanye (Temozolomide, Altrethamine, Estramustine, Amsacrine, L-asparaginase, Dacarbazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Procarbazine).
6. Amagciwane omzimba (Trastuzumab, Ederkolomab, Rituximab).
7. Amahomoni ase-cytostatic:
- antiandrogens (i-cyproterone acetate, i-bicalutamide, i-flutamide);
- progestins (i-Medroxyprogesterone acetate, i-Megestrol acetate);
- i-estrogens (Polyestradiol, i-Phosphastrol);
- antiestrogens (Toremifene, Tamoxifen, Droloxifene);
- i-aromatase inhibitors (i-Anastrozol, i-Formestan, i-Exemestane).
- Ama-agonists e-LH-RH (iGocerelin, iBuserelin, i-Leiprolein acetate, i-Tryptorelin).
Ama-cytotoxic agents for pancreatitis
Ezifo ezinzima, i-cytostatics (isb., I-fluorouracil) ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Indlela yokusebenza yalezi zidakamizwa ihlotshaniswa namandla abo okuvimbela umsebenzi we-excretory wamaseli we-pancreatic.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Cytostatics
Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ekwelashweni kwe-cytostatics yilezi:
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- isifo sohudo;
- i-anorexia ;
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- ikhanda;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
- ukungabi namuntu;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leukemia, njll.