I-bronchoscopy i-tracheobronchoscopy noma i-fibrobronchoscopy - indlela okuthiwa i-endoscopic yokuhlola okuqondile okubonakalayo komuthi we-tracheobronchial womswakama. Ngomqondo olula, le ndlela ivumela udokotela ukuba azibone ngamehlo akhe isimo sezinhlayiyana ze-bronchi ne-trachea - ukwembulwa kwamathambo noma ukuthola iziphetho ngesimo sezempilo esinempilo. Icala lokugcina alingavamile, ngoba, njengoba umthetho, kunezizathu ezimbi zokwelashwa kwe-bronchoscopy, etholakala ezinye izindlela zokuhlolwa.
Izinkomba ze-bronchoscopy
I-bronchoscopy ingenziwa ngezinhloso ezimbili - ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezinzima zokuziphatha kwazo zinquma ukusola kokuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala.
Uma i-ray ray ifunyenwe ukuthi iyinqubo engalungile emathangeni amaphaphu, noma uma isiguli sibonisa i-hemoptysis, khona-ke lokhu kuyinkomba enamandla yokwenza le nqubo.
Futhi, i-bronchoscopy ingasusa izidumbu zangaphandle. I-bronchoscopy ixhunyaniswa ngokungahambisani ne-biopsy lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi ufunde ngemvelo yemfundo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokufingqa kungenzeka ukunikeza amanye amaphuzu lapho uboniswa i-bronchoscopy:
- ngokushisa - ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso somonakalo ohlelweni lokuphefumula;
- lapho ukukhwehlela - ukukhomba imbangela ebangela isifo esingapheli;
- lapho i-hemoptysis - ukuthola isisusa sokukhululwa kwegazi kanye ne-mucus;
- ukutholakala kwemizimba yangaphandle ezingxenyeni zokuphefumula;
- incazelo yama-agent wezifo zokuphefumula (ngokugula okude isikhathi eside);
- ukuthatha izicubu zokuhlolwa;
- incazelo yesigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu ;
- ukulungisa ukwelashwa.
Ngakho-ke, i-bronchoscopy yembula amathuba amaningi okutadisha uhlobo lwe-pathology, ukulungisa ukwelashwa, futhi kwezinye izimo ukwelashwa.
Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, i-bronchoscopy isetshenziselwa:
- ukwenziwa komzimba wangaphandle;
- ukususwa kwegazi kanye ne-pus;
- Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa ngqo kulesi sifo;
- ukuqedwa kwamaphaphu;
- ukubuyisela ubuciko be-trachea.
Ukulungiselela i-bronchoscopy
Ukulungiselela inqubo kuqukethe izinto eziningana:
- I-X-ray yesifuba, kanye ne-electrocardiography. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuhlanganisa nencazelo ye-urea kanye negesi egazini.
- Isexwayiso sikadokotela mayelana nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesifo sikashukela, ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo nesifo senhliziyo. Ukwamukelwa kwezidambisigciwane kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hormone kufanele futhi kwazise i-endoscopist ngaphambi kwenqubo.
- I-bronchoscopy yenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Ngakho-ke, isidlo sokugcina akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-21: 00.
- Ukwamukelwa kwamanzi ngosuku lokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba inqubo ingavunyelwe.
- I-bronchoscopy ingenziwa kuphela emakamelweni ahlonyelwe ngokukhethekile nezimo eziyinyumba, ngoba amathuba okutheleleka emzimbeni aphezulu kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuthi. Ukuthi isikhungo sezokwelapha sihambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso zangasese.
- Ngaphambi kwenqubo, iziguli ezingokomzwelo zingadinga umjovo wokuqeda.
- Ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukulungisa ithawula namaphilangwe, ngoba ngemuva kokuba kube yi-hemoptysis.
- Futhi ngaphambi kokuba inqubo kufanele isuswe amazinyo, gwema amapuleti okulungiswa nokuhlobisa ubucwebe.
I-bronchoscopy yenziwe kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokwenza i-bronchoscopy yamaphaphu, isiguli sithatha izingubo zakhe zangaphandle futhi siphuca umbala wakhe. Ku-bronchitis ne-asthma okungapheliyo (izifo ezihambisana ne-spasm yamaphaphu), i-dimedrol, i-seduxen ne-atropine ilawulwa imizuzu engu-45 ngaphambi kwenqubo, futhi imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokuqala, isisombululo se-euphyllin senziwa. Uma i-bronchoscopy ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, isiguli singavunyelwe ukufaka i-salbutamol aerosol, ehlanza i-bronchi. Nge-anesthesia yendawo, i-nebulizers isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-nasopharynx ne-oropharynx. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukucindezela i-reflex ye-emetic.
Isikhundla isiguli esithatha - ukulala noma ukuhlala, kunqunywa udokotela.
I-endoscope ifakwe endaweni yokuphefumula ngaphansi kokulawulwa kombono ngekhaleni noma emlonyeni, emva kwalokho udokotela uhlola zonke izinkomba ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo.
Imiphumela ye-bronchoscopy
Ngokuvamile, i-bronchoscopy ayihambisani nemiphumela emibi - ukuphazamiseka okuncane nokuphambanisa ekhaleni emini. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho izindonga ze-bronchi zonakaliswa, i- pneumonia iqala, i-bronchospasm, ukungezwani komzimba nokuphuma kwegazi ngemuva kwe-biopsy.