I-glaucoma evulekile iwumzimba ongapheli wamehlo, ephelezelwa ukucindezela kwe-intraocular futhi i-atrophy kancane kancane, futhi isongela ukuphunga okuphelele. Indlela yokuqaphela lesi sifo, esitholakala kakhulu kubantu abasha, nendlela yokuphatha ngayo, sizocubungula.
I-glaucoma yokuvala-angle nevulekile-ukungafani
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-pathology ziyaziwa: i-glaucoma evulekile-ne-glaucoma evaliwe. Kuzo zombili izimo, umphumela wezinqubo ze-pathological in the tisses of the iso ukulahlekelwa nerve optic, okuholela ekumpumpheni. Esimweni sethu, uketshezi lwamanzi luyakha njalo, ukuphuma okuvela emgodini ophakathi kwe-cornea ne-iris (i-angle yokuhlunga).
Ngenxa yokulinganisa nokuphuma komswakama ngaphakathi kwamehlo, ukucindezelwa okukhethekile okuqhubekayo kugcinwa. Uma ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ukuphuma kwe-intraocular fluid kuba nzima kakhulu, kuqala ukuqoqa, okuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-nertic optic kanye nezinye izicubu eziseduze ziqala ukubhekana nomthwalo oqhubekayo, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kuphazamiseka, i-hypoxia iphakama, futhi umuntu ulahlekelwa umbono.
Nge-glaucoma evulekile, i-angle yokuhlunga ihlala ivulekile futhi ivulekile njengoba kufanele ibe, futhi isithiyo ekukhululweni komswakama kwenzeka ezinhlokweni ezijulile zeso. Leli fomu lesifo likhula kancane, kancane kancane. Nge-glaucoma yokuvala ukuvala, kukhona ukuvinjelwa okubucayi kwesiteshi sokukhishwa, okungukuthi i-angle yekamelo langaphambili livaliwe. Kulesi simo, ukucindezelwa kwe-intraocular kwanda ngokushesha, ukuhlasela okunamandla kungase kwenzeke, kudinga usizo olusheshayo.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - izimbangela
Ngokuya ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwe-pathology, i-glaucoma yokuqala evulekile neyesibili iyodwa. I-species yokuqala iqala ngokuzimela futhi ihlobene nezici zofuzo. Kwasungulwa ukuthi amandla okuthuthukisa i-pathology anquma izici zesakhiwo segceke lekamelo elingaphambi kwamehlo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, izinguquko ohlelweni lokugeleza zikhona ekuthembekeni okunye kokuphulwa ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, isimiso sezinzwa, ezitsheni. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo singahlotshaniswa ne-pathologies enjalo:
- i-atherosclerosis ;
- isifo sofuba;
- i-migraine ;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-myopia yezinga eliphezulu, njll.
I-glaucoma yesibili ikhiwa ngokumelene nesinye sezifo ezonakalisayo noma ezithathelwanayo ezithinta amehlo, imiphumela yokulimala, ukushisa, izinqubo zesisu, izidakamizwa. Ngokwezifundo zamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuthonywe izici ezifana nokuphila okuhlala phansi, ukungabi nokusebenza okuvamile, imikhuba emibi, isisindo somzimba esiningi ngokweqile.
Vula i-angle ye-glaucoma - degree
Njengoba kunikezwe izinguquko ezincane ezithinta izifo ezinhlobonhlobo zamehlo, ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, i-glaucoma evulekile ihlukaniswe yaba yizigaba eziningana (izigaba). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokucindezela kwe-intraocular lingavamile (lingaphansi kuka-27 mm Hg), lilinganisa (kusuka ku-28 kuya ku-32 mm Hg) noma liphakeme (ngaphezulu kuka-33 mm Hg). Sifaka zonke izigaba ze-glaucoma evulekile.
Vula i-degree yokuqala ye-glaucoma
Ngalesi sigaba, okuyinto isigaba sokuqala, akukho ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Kungase kube nokwanda kwengcindezi ye-intraocular, ushintsho olungadingekile emkhakheni wombono. Ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-ophthalmological, izinguquko ku-fundus zembulwa - ukubonakala kokucindezeleka phakathi nendawo ye-optic nerve disk (ukuvulelwa). Uma i-glaucoma evulekile ebonakala kulesi sigaba, ukubikezelwa kwe-pathology kulungile ngomsebenzi wokusebenza kanye nokuphila kweziguli.
Vula ama-glaucoma ama-2 degrees
Isigaba sesibili sokukhubazeka sithiwa sithuthukile. Iziguli ezitholakale ziphethe i-glaucoma evulekile-angle evulekile, izikhalazo ziqondile, futhi zihlotshaniswa nokunciphisa insimu yombono wembono ezingaphezu kuka-10 degrees ukusuka ohlangothini lwempumu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesisigaba, ukugxila okugxile kwendawo yokubukwa, engafinyelele ku-degrees angu-15, kungase kuphawulwe. Lapho kuhlolwa, kwembula ukuthi ukuvuzwa kwe-optic nererve disc kuya emaphethelweni.
Vula ama-angle angama-glaucoma ama-3 degrees
Izinqubo ezithintekayo kulezi zigaba zibhekwa njengeziphelile. I-glaucoma evulekile yesibili, etholakala kulesi sigaba, ibhekwa njengengozi kakhulu. Iphutha elibukwayo liyanda. Kukhona ukwehla okugxile emkhakheni wokubukwa kwezingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, odlula ama-degree angu-15. Ukucubungula i-disc ye-optic nererve kuqiniswa. Ngokuvamile, ezigulini ezine-glaucoma yesithathu, kusekhona umbono wombhobho, lapho ubheka sengathi unothubhu elincane.
Vula ama-angle angama-glaucoma ama-4 degrees
I-glaucoma engama-4 degrees - isigaba esibulalayo sesifo. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu usuke elahlekelwa ngokuphelele ngeso elilodwa noma kokubili amehlo. Ezinye iziguli zisakwazi ukubona kabi ngenxa yokuthi "isiqhingi" esincane sendawo ebonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukugcina ukuzwa okukhanya, noma ngabe ukubonakala kwemisebe ekhanyayo kunqunywe ngokungalungile. Njengoba kungenzeka ukubuka i-fundus, i-atrophy ye-optic nerve isungulwa.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - izimpawu
Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu ezinkulu ezivulekile-ama-glaucoma azicaci ukuthi izimbalwa ezimbalwa zikhathazekile futhi ziphendukela ku-ophthalmologist. Izimpawu ezilandelayo ezivela njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele ziqaphe:
- umuzwa wokungahambi kahle emehlweni, ukukhathazeka, ukuqina;
- ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni ye-orbit;
- ubuhlungu emehlweni ;
- ukulila ;
- ukubomvu kwamehlo;
- ukuwohloka kombono kusihlwa kanye nobumnyama;
- ukubukeka kwe-halos rainbow lapho bebuka umthombo wokukhanya;
- umbono obonakalayo, ukubukeka kwe "grid" ngaphambi kwamehlo.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - ukuxilongwa
Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa "kwe-glaucoma evulekile" kusungulwa ngengozi ngesikhathi kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe, ukuhlolwa ehhovisi lama-optics. Izindlela zokuxilonga eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho kucatshangwa khona i-glaucoma evulekile, kufaka phakathi izifundo ezinjalo:
- ukulinganisa kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-eyeball (ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke okufundisayo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona ukushintsha okuphawulekayo kuma-indices);
- ubukhulu be-lens esweni nekamelo elingaphakathi;
- Ukuhlolisiswa kwesakhiwo se-fundus sokuguqulwa kwamathambo nge-biomicroscopy;
- isichazamazwi - incazelo yokunciphisa amasimu ombono;
- ukuhlolwa kokukhipha (ikhono le-optical system ukuphikisa imisebe yokukhanya);
- i-gonioscopy - ukubona ngeso lengqondo evulekile ekamelweni elingaphakathi leso, incazelo ye-pigmentation ekhulisiwe, ukwanda kwesibindi kanye nesifo sokushaya kwesifo endaweni ye-cornea scleral trabeculae,
Indlela yokuphatha i-glaucoma evulekile?
Kusukela umzuzu lapho kutholakala khona i-glaucoma evulekile, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe njalo. Akukatholakali ukuphulukisa ngokuphelele izitho zombono, kodwa lesi sifo singalawulwa, futhi inqubekela phambili yayo ingaqedwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma evulekele ngokusekelwe kusekelwe emasikweni angasetshenziswayo futhi asebenzayo, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-pathology. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezokwelapha kuleli cala ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa umonakalo ku-nertic optic. Lokhu kudinga:
- ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwe-intraocular;
- ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda u-hypoxia wezakhi zomzimba (ikakhulukazi i-optic disc);
- ubuyisele umonakalo ophazamisayo ebusweni be-eye;
- lungisa ama-pathologies ahlobene.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ukwelapha okuqhubekayo kuvame ukuphumelela, okubandakanya izidakamizwa ezehlukene nge-glaucoma evulekile, kokubili kwendawo kanye nesistimu. Ngaphandle kwabo, amasu e-physiotherapy ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziselwa, phakathi kwawo-okukhethwa kwe-electrostimulation kwe-disc optic. Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kufinyelela imiphumela emihle, isiguli siyaqhubeka, ngezikhathi ezithile, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka zihlolwe yi-ophthalmologist. Ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kungadingeka uma kutholakala ukuwohloka kwesibindi se-iso.
Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile
Njengokwelashwa kwendawo, amaconsi ejoka asetshenziselwa i-glaucoma evulekile, okufanele isetshenziswe njalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zidakamizwa zineziqondiso ezahlukene zesenzo. Cabanga ukuthi amaconsi angabekwa kanjani nge-open-angle-glaucoma (uhlu):
- ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-intraocular fluid :
- Proxodolol;
- I-Timolola i-maleate;
- Arutimol;
- I-Dorzolamide hydrochloride;
- I-Betaxolol;
- I-Asopt;
- I-Trusopt;
- I-Brinzolamide;
- ukuthuthukisa ukuphuma komswakama:
- I-Pilocarpine;
- I-Xalatan;
- I-Travatane;
- I-Armin;
- Tosmilen;
- I-Phosphacol;
- I-Latanoprost;
- I-Carbachol;
- amaconsi wezenzo ezihlangene:
- I-Kosopt;
- I-Fotil;
- I-Proxopheline;
- Azarga;
- I-Xalacom;
- I-Fotil forte.
Uma amaconsi ejoka engakwazi ukulawula ngokwanele ukucindezelwa ngaphakathi kwevolumu, ukubeka ngaphezu kwalokho izidakamizwa zesenzo ohlelweni:
- I-Clopheline;
- Anaprilin;
- Proserin;
- I-Hypothiazide.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emlenzeni we-optic futhi uvikele amangqamuzana egeyimu anikezwe izidakamizwa ze-vascular, antioxidants, amavithamini:
- I-Cavinton;
- I-Gliatilin;
- I-Milgamma.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile
Ezimweni ezinzima, ukwelashwa okulindelekile akukhiqizi umphumela omuhle, futhi amasu okuhlinzekwa anconywa ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwe-intraocular. Kulesi simo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokusebenza, umbono awukwazi ukuthuthukiswa futhi uphulukiswe ngokuphelele. Ezimweni lapho i-glaucoma evulekile-ye-4th degree itholakale khona, ukusebenza kungase kungabi nzuzo, futhi uma umbono osalayo ugcinwa, ngisho nokuholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele.
Imisebenzi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-Laser (i-argon ne-trabeculoplasty ekhethiwe, i-cycloablation, njll);
- ukuhlinzwa kwendabuko (i-trabeculectomy, ukufakwa kwesimiso se-drainage, canaloplasty, njll).