Ezingqondweni zisebenzisa kakhulu i-neuroleptics - uhlu lwezidakamizwa lukhulu. Izidakamizwa zaleli qembu zisetshenziselwa ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kwesistimu yenzwa yomphakathi. Abaningi babo banalo uhlu olubanzi lwezingqinamba, ngakho udokotela kufanele abanikeze futhi abeke umthamo.
I-Neuroleptics - indlela yokusebenza
Leli klasi lezidakamizwa livele kamuva. Ngaphambilini, ama-opiates, i- belladonna noma i-bleach asetshenziselwa ukuphatha iziguli ezine-psychoses. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bromidi ajowe nge-intravenously. Emashumini amahlanu ekhulwini lokugcina, iziguli ezine-psychoses zanikezwa ama-antihistamine. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ama-neuroleptics esizukulwaneni sokuqala avela. Igama labo libangelwa umphumela emzimbeni. Kusuka kwesiGreki esithi "νεῦρον" lihunyushwe ngokuqondile ngokuthi "neuron" noma "inzwa", futhi "λῆψις" - "ukuthatha".
Ngokwemigomo elula, umphumela we-neuroleptic umphumela wokuthi izidakamizwa zaleli qembu lezidakamizwa zinomzimba. Le mithi ihlukaniswa nemiphumela enjalo yemithi:
- abe nomphumela wokuzilimaza (izidakamizwa zenza ukushisa komzimba okuphansi);
- unomphumela wokudambisa (imithi ithola isiguli);
- unikeze umphumela we-antiemetic;
- babe nomphumela wokuthula;
- ukuhlinzeka ngemiphumela enamandla;
- ube nemiphumela ephikisayo yokulwa nokuphikisana;
- ukuqondisa ukuziphatha;
- kunomthelela ekunciphiseni ekuphenduleni kwemifino;
- isenzo se-potentsiruyut sokuphuza utshwala, ama- analgesics e-narcotic , ama-tranquilizers kanye nama-hypnotics.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-antipsychotics
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa kuleli qembu lukhulu kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antipsychotics - ukuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa ngezizathu ezahlukene. Zonke izinhlobo ze-neuroleptics zihlukaniswe ngokweqile ngamaqembu anjalo:
- okujwayelekile;
- i-atypical.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ze-neuroleptic zihlukanisa ngokwemiphumela yemitholampilo yomuthi:
- ukudubula;
- ukuvuselela;
- antipsychotic.
Ngokusho kwesikhathi sokuchayeka, ama-antipsychotics angaba:
- izidakamizwa ezinomphumela wesikhashana;
- izidakamizwa ezinde isikhathi eside.
Antipsychotics ezivamile
Ukulungiswa kwaleli qembu lezokwelapha lihlukaniswa ngamakhono aphakeme ezokwelapha. Lawa yi-antipsychotics. Lapho kuthathwa, amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi azoqala ukuvela. Ama-antipsychotics anjalo (uhlu lwemithi eningi) angatholakala kumakhemikhali alandelayo:
- phenothiazine;
- i-thioxanthene;
- i-butyrophenone;
- indole;
- benzodiazepine;
- i-diphenylbutylpiperidine.
Kulesi simo, ama-phenothiazines ahlukaniswa yizimo zabo zamakhemikhali ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo:
- enesisekelo se-piperazine;
- unesibopho esiphezulu;
- ne-pyridine nucleus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antipsychotics (uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezinikezwe ngezansi) ekuphumeleleni ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu anjalo:
- amanxusa aqabulayo;
- ukuvuselela izidakamizwa ngomphumela wokucindezeleka;
- antipsychotics ezinamandla.
Antipsychotics e-Atypical
Le yimithi yanamuhla ekwazi ukwenza umphumela onjalo emzimbeni:
- ukuthuthukisa ukugxila kokunakwa kanye nenkumbulo;
- ube nomphumela wokudambisa;
- ube nomthelela wokulwa nesifo sokulwa nesifo sofuba;
- hlukana nemiphumela ye-neurological.
Ama-antipsychotics apipical anenzuzo enjalo:
- izimoto zokuzivikela ziyinto engavamile kakhulu;
- umthamo ophansi wezinkinga;
- inkomba yeprolactin cishe ayishintshi;
- Ngokulula izidakamizwa ezinjalo zixoshwa yi-system excretory;
- cishe ayithinti isisombululo somzimba we-dopamine;
- kulula kalula ukubekezelela iziguli;
- ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izingane.
Ama-neuroleptics - izinkomba zokusetshenziswa
Izidakamizwa zaleli qembu zenzelwe izinkinga ze-etiology ezahlukene. Zisetshenziswa ukuphatha iziguli zanoma yikuphi ubudala, kuhlanganise nezingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Ubufakazi be-Neuroleptics banezi:
- isifo sengqondo esingapheli nesicindezelayo;
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- ukulala okungapheli;
- ukuhlanza okungapheli;
- I-Tourette's syndrome ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo ye-somatoform nesimo se-psychosomatic;
- isimo sengqondo siyashintsha;
- i-phobias ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemoto;
- ukulungiselela kwangaphambili iziguli;
- ukucubungula nokunye okunjalo.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Neuroleptics
Amathuba okuthuthukisa ukusabela okungathandeki kuncike ezintweni ezinjalo:
- isilinganiso sesisindo;
- isikhathi sokwelapha;
- iminyaka yesiguli;
- isimo sakhe sempilo;
- ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa ezithathwe nezinye izidakamizwa isiguli esiphuzayo.
Ngokuvamile imiphumela emibi yezinzwa ze-neuroleptics ibonakala:
- ukwephulwa kwesimiso se-endocrine, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphendula komzimba ekusebenziseni isikhathi eside izidakamizwa;
- ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa kokudla, nezinguquko zesisindo;
- ukugubha ngokweqile, okubonakalayo ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa;
- ukukhulumisana kwe-muscle, inkulumo ehlanjululwayo nezinye izibonakaliso ze-neuroleptic syndrome, ukulungiswa kwemithi kusiza ukulungisa isimo.
Okuphawulekayo kancane ukuthi isenzo se-neuroleptics:
- ukulahleka okwesikhashana umbono;
- ukungavamile emsebenzini wendlela yokugaya ukudla (ukuqotshwa noma isifo sohudo);
- inkinga yokuchama;
- umlomo owomile noma u-salivation oqinile;
- i-trism;
- izinkinga nge-ejaculation.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-neuroleptics
Kunezinhlelo eziningana zokumisela imithi yaleli qembu. Izidakamizwa ze-neuroleptic zingasetshenziswa kanje:
- Indlela esheshayo - umthamo uhanjiswa kahle phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2, futhi emva kwalokho yonke inkambo yokwelashwa igcinwa kule nqanaba.
- Ukwehlisa okwesikhashana kusho ukunyuka kancane kancane emthini wezidakamizwa ezithathwe. Emva kwenkathi yokwelapha yonke, igcinwa ngezinga eliphezulu.
- Indlela ye-Zigzag - isiguli sithatha isidakamizwa ngokulinganisa okuphezulu, bese sinciphisa ngobukhulu, bese sanda futhi. Le ijubane yinkambo yonke yokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa nesidakamizwa esinamahora ezinsukwini ezingu-5-6.
- Shock therapy - kabili ngesonto isiguli sithatha lesi sidakamizwa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wakhe uthola i-chemoshock, futhi i-psychoses iphela.
- Indlela ehlukile - uhlelo lapho imithi ehlukahlukene ye-psychotropic isetshenziswa njalo.
Ngaphambi kokuqoka i-antipsychotics (uhlu lwezidakamizwa lukhulu), udokotela uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa ukuze anqume ukuthi isiguli sinokuphikisana. Kusukela ekwelashweni ngemithi leli qembu kuzodingeka liwenqabe kulowo nalowo macala:
- ukukhulelwa;
- ukutholakala kwe-glaucoma;
- ukukhubazeka emsebenzini wesimiso senhliziyo;
- ukungezwani komzimba ku-antipsychotics;
- isimo somkhuhlane;
- ukuncelisa nokunye okunjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela we-neuroleptic wezidakamizwa kuleli qembu uncike ekutheni imithi ithathwe ngayo kanyekanye. Isibonelo, uma umuthi onjalo udakiwe ngama-antidepressants, lokhu kuzoholela ekuqiniseni isenzo kokubili nesesibili. Njengoba kunesidingo esinjalo, ukuqothulwa kuvame ukubonwa futhi ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphakama. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlanganisela ezingathandeki (ngezinye izikhathi eziyingozi):
- Ukwamukelwa kwamanye ama-neuroleptics kanye ne-benzodiazepines kungavusa ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
- Ama-antihistamine e-duet ene-antipsychotics aholela ekusebenziseni okungasebenzi ku-CNS.
- I-insulini, i-anticonvulsant, i-antidiabetics nokuphuza utshwala kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-neuroleptics.
- Ukuphathwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwe-antipsychotics kanye ne-tetracycline kwandisa amathuba okulimala kwesibindi ngama-toxin.
Ngingahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngithathe ama-antipsychotics?
I-Scheme kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywe udokotela. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela, ngemuva kokuhlaziya izindlela zokwelashwa, angabala ukuthi kunezifundo ezanele nezinga-6. Isibonelo, ngakho-ke thatha ama-neuroleptics wokudambisa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi le nkambo ayanele ngokwanele ukufeza umphumela ohlala njalo, ngakho udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. Ezigulini ngabanye, zingadla isikhathi sokuphila (ngezikhathi ezithile izikhathi eziphuthumayo zenziwa).
Ukususwa kwe-antipsychotics
Ngemuva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa imithi (lokhu kuvame ukubonwa uma uthatha ummeleli weqembu elijwayelekile), isimo sesiguli singase sibe sibi kakhulu. I-neuroleptic ukuhoxiswa kwe-syndrome iqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokushesha. Lenziwa ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili. Ukuze unciphise isimo sesiguli, udokotela angakwazi ukuwuhumusha kancane kancane kusuka kuma-antipsychotics kuya ekuthuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ezimweni ezinjalo usabala amavithamini eqembu B.
Izidakamizwa ze-neuroleptic - uhlu
I-antipsychotics imelwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu. Uchwepheshe unethuba lokukhetha i-neuroleptics enhle ngesiguli esithile - uhlu lwezidakamizwa luhlala luseduze. Ngaphambi kokwenza i-aphoyintimenti, udokotela uhlola isimo somuntu ofaka isicelo kuye futhi emva kwalokho lokho kwenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi imithi ayinikeza yona. Uma kungekho umphumela oyifunayo, i-neuroleptic ingabelwa isazi - uhlu lwamachiza luzosiza ukukhetha "ukushintshwa". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udokotela uzobeka umthamo omuhle womuthi omusha.
Izizukulwane zama-antipsychotics
I-antipsychotics ejwayelekile imelwe yimithi enjalo:
- I-Chlorpromazine;
- I-Haloperidol;
- I-Molindon;
- Thioridazine njalo njalo.
I-neuroleptics ethandwa kakhulu yesizukulwane esisha ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi:
- Abilifay;
- I-Fluphenazine;
- I-Quetiapine;
- I-Fluanexol;
- Triftazine;
- Levomepromazine.
I-Neuroleptics - uhlu lwemikhiqizo ngaphandle kwemigomo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemithi enjalo. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele acabange ukuthi ukuzisiza kuphephile kubo: ngisho nama-antipsychotics anikezwa ngaphandle kwemigomo kufanele athathwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Uyazi indlela yokwenza le mithi futhi uzotusa isilinganiso esihle. Izidakamizwa ze-neuroleptic ngaphandle kwemigomo - uhlu lwemithi etholakalayo:
- Olanzapine;
- I-Serdolect;
- I-Ariprizol;
- Etperazine;
- I-Chlorprotixen.
The antipsychotics best
Okuphephile kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo kubhekwa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo. Ama-neuroleptics wesizukulwane esisha avame ukushiwo:
- Sertindol;
- Solian;
- I-Zeldox;
- Lakvel;
- I-Clozapine;
- I-Depral;
- I-Prosulfin;
- I-Betamax;
- Limipranil nabanye.