Wonke umuntu uye wabhekana nomuzwa ongaqondakali okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, uma ulwazi olusha lungavumelani nomqondo nolwazi mayelana nalo, olwamukelwe ngaphambili. Ngo-1944, uFritz Haider wayengowokuqala ukuchaza ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo, futhi uLeon Festinger ngo-1957 wadala inkolelo yakhe.
Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo - kuyini?
Ngemva kokutadisha izimiso eziyisisekelo zombono, izazi zengqondo zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo kubangelwa ukungafani phakathi kwemicabango ekhona, imiqondo kanye nolwazi olusha olungenayo. Ngezimbangela ezivamile zenkinga, lezi zizathu kanye nezici zokungahambisani nazo zihola:
- inkolo;
- ukuziphatha;
- inani;
- ngokomzwelo.
Dissonance kwengqondo - kwengqondo
Umuntu ngamunye uthola ulwazi oluthile esikhathini esithile. Kodwa-ke, ukunqoba isikhathi esithile, uphoqeleka ukuba asebenze ngokuvumelana nezimo ezikhona, ezingahambisani nolwazi oluthole ngaphambili. Lokhu kubangela ukungakhululeki kwangaphakathi kwengqondo, ngenxa yokuphumula okudingekayo ukuthola ukuyekethisa. Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo kwengqondo - lokhu kusho ukuzama ukuchaza imbangela yesenzo somuntu, izenzo zakhe ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphila.
Izimbangela ze-dissonance engqondweni
Isimo se-dissonance engqondweni singavela ngezizathu eziningana. Ezimweni ezivusa amadlingozi, izazi zengqondo zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukungahambisani kwemibono nemibono lapho lokhu noma leso sinqumo sisekelwe khona.
- Izinkolelo zokuphila ezahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nemigomo eyamukelwa emphakathini noma ekuhlanganyeleni okuthile.
- Umoya wokuvukela ophikisanayo, obangelwa ukungathandi ukulalela imigomo yezenhlalakahle nezamasiko, ikakhulukazi uma bephikisana nesisekelo somthetho.
- Ukungahambisani nemininingwane etholakala ngenxa yalokho okuhlangenwe nakho, isimo noma isimo.
Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo - izimpawu
Isimo sokuxoshwa kwengqondo singabonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Iningi lezimpawu zokuqala zivela enkonzweni yomsebenzi. Umsebenzi obunzima wobuchopho, nezimo ezidinga ukuhlaziywa, zingaphumelela ekulawuleni. Ulwazi olusha luyabonakala ngobunzima obukhulu, futhi isiphetho siyinkinga. Ngezigaba ezilandelayo, umsebenzi wokukhuluma ungaphazanyiswa, kuyilapho kuba nzima ngomuntu ukwakha umcabango, ukuthatha amagama afanele futhi nje ukumemezela.
Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo kubeka inkumbulo enkulu ememori. Izenzakalo ezenzekayo maduzane zisusiwe kuqala. I-alamu elandelayo ukunyamalala kwezinkumbulo kusukela ebusheni nasebuntwaneni. Okungajwayelekile, noma kunjalo, kufanele kucatshangelwe - ukungabi namandla okugxilisa ingqondo . Kuba nzima ukuba umuntu aqonde okushiwo ingxoxo, uhlale ecela ukuphinda imisho ethile noma imishwana ehlukene. Zonke lezi zimpawu zibonisa isidingo sokubonisana nodokotela wezinzwa.
Dissonance engqondweni - izinhlobo
Izakhamuzi eziningi zengqondo zikholelwa ukuthi imizwelo ayiyona isimo sengqondo, kodwa isenzo somzimba womuntu esimweni esithile. Kukhona inkolelo ngokusho ukuthi yikuphi ukuqonda-ukukhukhumeza ngokomzwelo kuchazwe njengombuso onemizwa emibi eyenzeka uma uthola ulwazi oluphikisana nengqondo. Shintsha isimo sizosiza isimo lapho imiphumela ekulindeleke ivele khona.
Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo - ukwelashwa
Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo kubuntu kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezimbangela zokuphulwa. Ukwelashwa kumele kuhloswe ekuqondiseni nasekuqedeni izimo eziphathelene nobuchopho ebuchosheni. Ukuze uphathe isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthuthukisa nokubuyisela imisebenzi yokucabanga, izazi zibeka inani lezidakamizwa ezinempahla engasebenzi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo esikhathini esizayo.
Dissonance engqondweni - izincwadi
Kukholelwa ukuthi le ncwadi iyona mthombo omuhle wolwazi. Imisebenzi eminingi ishicilelwe, lapho umqondo wokukhukhumezeka kwengqondo, ukungqubuzana okungahambi kahle kanye nokuphazamiseka (ngokuhunyushwa kwesiLatin), kuchazwa. Imithombo ehlukahlukene ichaza izinhlobo zezinkulumo ezingqondweni, izimbangela zokubonakala nezindlela zokubhekana nezinye zazo. Izincwadi eziyinhloko zezingqondo zengqondo zihlanganisa:
- "Umbono we-dissonance engqondweni" uLeon Festinger. Le ncwadi yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo kwengqondo emhlabeni. Imibuzo eminingana eyinhloko ihlaziywe futhi ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, umqondo we-dissonance engqondweni kanye nenkolelo yayo, ubuciko bezenhlalo zomphakathi nezengqondo, amasu namasu okuthonya kwengqondo.
- "Psychology of influence" uRobert Chaldini. Iningi labangqondo bezasekhaya nabaseNtshonalanga baye babona ibhukwana elihle kakhulu kwi-conflictology, psychology social and management.
- " Ukungaboni kahle kwengqondo" u- Alina Marchik. Konke kufanele kuvumelane (imizwa, imizwelo, izinkolelo) ngaphandle kwalokho umuntu akaqinisekisi kahle, avela kuzo izindlela ezahlukene. I-movie entsha yesenzo enezici zomphenyi izokwaziswa ngabalandeli bezimfashini namapuzzli - ihlanganiswa nezintandokazi kanye nezintandokazi. Umlobi wanikeza imfumbe, engaba izimpendulo eziningi njengoba abantu befunda incwadi. Futhi bathini abalingiswa abakhulu?