"Asikho isidingo sokuvuselela isondo!" - ngokuqinisekile uzwile leli gama izikhathi ezingaphezu kweyodwa futhi ngisho ngisho nakwe. Uma besho njalo, ngokuvamile bafuna ukugcizelela ukulula kwecala, lapho noma yikuphi ukwephulwa komthetho kuyinkimbinkimbi kuphela, kodwa akukho ndlela yokusheshisa inqubo yayo. Kodwa, ngokudabukisayo, asazi kakhulu mayelana nokuqalwa kwebhayisikili. Isibonelo, uyazi, ngumuphi umnyaka abaqalile ibhayisikili? Cishe akunjalo. Futhi ngubani owasungula ibhayisikili lokuqala? Futhi abazi? Khona-ke isihloko sethu senu!
Njengoba besho ekhulwini elidumile, akukaze kube yisikhathi sokufunda. Futhi akusilo ihloni lokungazi into ethile, kuyadabukisa ukuthi ungafuni ukufunda okuthile okusha. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma ngedivayisi elula futhi elula kakhulu - ibhayisikili.
Ubani owasungula kuqala ibhayisikili?
Sishesha masinyane ukukhipha inkolelo eyodwa evamile. Ibhayisikili ayitholanga hhayi uLeonardo da Vinci. Umdwebo odumile, okusolakala ukuthi ungowokudabuka kukaLeonardo, empeleni akunjalo.
Futhi, kwakungekho ukuqinisekiswa kwenganekwane yokuthi ibhayisikili laqalwa ngu-Artamonov ohluphekayo, nokuthi ugcinwa kwenye yezimyuziyamu zaseNizhny Tagil.
Eqinisweni, ibhayisikili, ngokwezwi lanamuhla laleli gama, laqalwa hhayi ngokushesha. Ukuphelela kwakhe kwaba okungenani izigaba ezintathu.
Ngo-1817 uProfesa waseJalimane uBarl Karl von Dres wasungula into efana ne-scooter. Kwakukhona amasondo amabili futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Umshini Wokuhamba". Futhi abantu bakithi kamuva baqamba ngokuthi lesi sikhuphethi i-trolley (ngokuhlonipha umqambi uDreza). Ngo-1818, u-Baron Karl von Dres waphathelene nomthetho wakhe. Lapho bezwa nge-scooter e-UK, wayebizwa ngegama elithi "dandy-chorz". Ngo-1839-1840 edolobhaneni elincane eningizimu yeScotland umkhandi wensimbi uKirkpatrick Macmillan wagcwalisa umshini ohambayo, wanezela izigqoko kanye nesihlalo. Ibhayisikili likaMcMillan lalifana nebhayisikili yanamuhla. Amapulangwe kwakudingeka aqhutshwe, abuye ajikeleze isondo elingemuva, futhi phambili ungaphenduka ngosizo lwesondo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ukwakhiwa kukaKirkpatrick Macmillan kwahlala kungakaziwa, futhi ngokushesha ukukhohlwa ngaye.
Ngo-1862, u-Pierre Lalman wanquma ukungena emikhondweni ye "dandy chorus" (uPitroli wayengazi lutho ngokusungulwa kukaMacmillan). Futhi ngo-1863 waqaphela umbono wakhe. Imikhiqizo yakhe eminingi ibhekwa njengebhayisikili yokuqala emhlabeni, noLalman, ngokulandelana, umdali webhayisikili lokuqala.
Umbuzo othi "Ubani owasungula ibhayisikili lokuqala?" Ngokumangazayo kuphakamisa omunye, kungenasithakazelo esincane "Uma kusungulwa?" Unyaka wokwenziwa kwebhayisikili ungacatshangwa ngo-1817, unyaka wasungulwa "umshini wokuhamba", no-1840 no-1862. Kodwa kunenye idethi ehlobene nokuqalwa kwebhayisikili - ngo-1866, lapho ibhayisikili likaLalman lalinelungelo lobunikazi.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibhayisikili liye lathuthuka njalo ngonyaka. Izinto ezenziwa ngalo ibhayisikili, umklamo ngokwawo, kanye ne-diameter kanye nezilinganiso zamasondo ezinamasondo ashintshiwe. Noma kunjalo, ibhayisikili langempela alifani kakhulu nebhayisikili eLalman.
Bakhaphi ibhayisikili?
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ibhayisikili lokuqala laqalwa nguPeter Lalman, khona-ke indawo yokuzalwa yebhayisikili yiFrance. Nokho, amaJalimane ayevame ukukholelwa ukuthi ibhayisikili laqalwa ezweni lakubo. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba uma kungenjalo ngokusungulwa kukaBaron Carl von Dres, uLalman wayengacabangi
Kodwa futhi ngeScotland, akufanele sikhohlwe. Isibonelo sebhayisikili, esakhiwe yiKirkpatrick Macmillan, eqinisweni, sasihluke kakhulu ekuqalisweni kukaPerre Lalman.
"Kungani uvuselela isondo?"
Leli gama liye laqina ngokuzimagama kwethu. Uma kukhulunywa, kusho imisebenzi engasizi ngalutho ekwakheni into esaziwa wonke umuntu isikhathi eside. Amazwi alo hlobo asetshenziswa emazweni amaningi. Kodwa, ngokuthakazelisayo, ukukhulunywa ngebhayisikili kuwuphawu kuphela emazweni ase-post-Soviet. Futhi kungani sinothando olunjalo ngebhayisikili?