I-multiple sclerosis isifo esihlobene neurology futhi kwenzeka ngendlela engapheli yokugeleza. Odokotela bayibhekisela ezifweni ezizimele, okungukuthi, isifo sokuzivikela somuntu siqala ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene ukukhiqiza amantombazane kanye ne-lymphocytes ngokumelene nezicubu ezinempilo namaseli omzimba.
Nge- sclerosis amaningi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kuqondiswa emagqumeni omzimba. Ngokufanayo, ngegobolondo labo, kuthiwa i-myelin. Le membrane ivikela izinqubo zamangqamuzana omzimba, okubenza bakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Ukubhujiswa kwalesi sigqoko kuholela ekuqhekekeni kokuxhumana kobuchopho nokulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.
Lesi sifo asihambisani ngokuphelele nenkumbulo embi, njengoba kungase kubonakale kumuntu ojwayelekile. Ukuxilongwa kwe-multiple sclerosis ngokuvamile akuyona nhlobo kulabo asebekhulile, kodwa kunabantu abasha kanye nabantu abaphakathi (eminyakeni engama-40) ngisho nasezinganeni. Futhi igama elithi "ukungabikho kwengqondo" alikhulumi ngokugxila, kodwa ngokungabikho kwengqondo, okungukuthi, ukusabalalisa kwezinto zokubhujiswa komgogodla we-myelin kulo lonke uhlelo oluyisisekelo senzwa kusukela ebuchosheni kuya emthonjeni womgogodla.
Izimbangela ze-Multiple Sclerosis
Njengezifo eziningi ezizimele, izifo eziningi ze-sclerosis ziseyimfihlakalo ososayensi. Isizathu esiqondile saleso sifo asikakunqunywa. Futhi inguqulo evamile ithi lesi sifo senziwa lapho kuhlanganiswa ezinye izinto eziyingozi, okungaba kokubili kwangaphandle nangaphakathi:
- I-genetic factor . I-Heredity idlala indima engacacile lapho kuqala lesi sifo, kodwa kusekhona ukuthi izihlobo zabagulayo, ikakhulukazi abafowethu, odadewabo nabazali zisengozi enkulu. Ingozi yezifo emawele e-monozygotic aphakama angama-30%, uma kwenzeka omunye wabo ewela.
- Isici se-epidemiological sinezela ohlwini lwezimbangela ze-multiple sclerosis. Izakhamuzi zaseScandinavia, eScotland nakwamanye amazwe aseNyakatho Yurophu zingase zihlupheke kakhulu kunezose-Asia. Kutholakale ukuthi izimo e-United States ziphakeme phakathi kwabantu bohlanga olumhlophe kunezinye. Futhi nokuthi ushintsho esifundeni sokuhlala lithinta ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo kuphela ekukhuleni.
- Ecology . Kuthiwa ukuthi ukukhula kwanda ngokuthembela ngokuqondile kokudeleka kwesifunda kusuka ku-equator. Ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kwe-multiple sclerosis kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, isibonelo, inani lelanga (futhi, ngokufanayo, inani levithamini D lidliwe), elingaphansi emazweni asenyakatho lapho ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo iphakeme.
- Izifo . Ososayensi bahlakulela ngenkuthalo inguqulo yobuhlobo phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwesifo somzimba kanye namagciwane. Ukugxila okukhethekile kubhalwa ama-causative agents of mononucleosis, isisimungumane, i-influenza kanye ne-herpes.
- Ukucindezeleka . Akekho ubufakazi obuqondile bale mbono, kodwa inkolelo yokuthi kunezizathu ezingokwengqondo zokuthi ukutholakala kwe-multiple sclerosis kuqhubeka. Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nazo
ne-psychosomatics yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni futhi, njengoba kungekho imbangela esemthethweni yalesi sifo, ososayensi abasebenza kule nsimu bahlakulela ngenhloso le ncazelo. - UPawulu . Abesifazane badla kaningi kaningi kaningi kunamadoda, futhi kuxhumene nesizinda se-hormonal. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-hormone ye-hormone testosterone igxilisa impendulo ye-immune, kanye ne-progesterone yesifazane ne-estrogen, okuyinto, uma ilahlekile, ibangela lesi sifo. Lokhu kubonakala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho izinga lama-hormone landa izikhathi eziningana, zonke izinhlobo ze-multiple sclerosis zivame ukuvame ukuphindaphindiwe futhi kancane kancane ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo kwenzeka. Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, lapho kulungiswa ukuvuthwa kwe-hormone ejwayelekile, ukukhushulwa kwesifo kuvele kaningi kaningi kaningi.