Ukuqala kusengumntwana owazalwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-22 no-38 wokukhulelwa. Isisindo sawo silinganiselwa kuhhafu kilogram kuya kwamakhilogremu amabili nesigamu. Kunezigaba ezine zokungabonakali kwengane, kuye ngokuthi isisindo saso ekuzalweni:
- I-degree yokuqala: 2000-2500 g;
- okwesibili: 1500 - 2000 g;
- okwesithathu: 1000-1500 g;
- owesine: kufika ku-1000g.
Inkomba ebalulekile inyanga yokukhulelwa, lapho ingane izalwa. Kusukela ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhulelwa, usezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi umntwana osanda kuzalwa akakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo zangaphandle, okuyinto, ngendlela, engathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ngaphandle kwesisu somama. Nakhu okushiwo ku:
- Ngokuvamile, izinsana ezingakazalwa zizalwa nge-burgundy nesikhumba esikhanya. Lokhu, futhi, kubonisa ukuthi ingane ayizange ithuthule ungqimba oluphansi lwamafutha. Lezi zinyane zibukeka sengathi "zidala" ngoba zenziwa isikhumba sabo ngokwanele. Kodwa ekugcineni kudlula.
- Ingane engakafiki isengozini kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku zokuqala ezimbili zokuphila, angase ahlakulele i-jaundice yezinto eziphilayo, ezitholakala ngaphezulu kwezinsana, futhi ubude bude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabangela umonakalo kumaseli obuchopho.
- Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana zangaphambi kokuzalwa zifana nokuthi umzimba wabo awuthuthuki ngokuphelele: izitsha nezitho zangaphakathi zibukwa. Futhi amathambo angaphambili awakhiwe ngokuphelele, ngokungafani nezingane ezazalwa "nje ngesimiso". Ngakho-ke, ikhanda likhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi linomumo ohlukile. Ukuphefumula kuyashesha futhi kungalingani, okungayeka noma kunini. Kuphela emva kwenyanga nengxenye umntwana eqala ukubona umthwalo emisipha, futhi ukuphefumula kuvamile futhi kuyomiswa.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Abazange basebenze ngokugcwele isimiso sezinzwa, ngakho-ke ingane ayikho iningi lezingxenxushu zokuzalwa (isibonelo, ayikwazi ukugwinya). Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwayo kukhishwa ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile. Izingane zesigaba sesithathu nesine sesandulela ngculaza zihambisana nezingozi ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, umbono wabo usengozini.
Ingane engakafiki isidinga ubisi lomama ukuze ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kunesithiyo esikhulu: kulesi sigaba sokukhulelwa, ubisi abukakabonakali. Ngakho-ke, omama benza izinqubo ezikhethekile futhi bashukumise ukwakhiwa ubisi. Kungani ubisi lomama lubalulekile? Ukubunjwa kwalo kuyingqayizivele futhi kufanelana nengane engcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukiseni ingane engakafiki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukondla ubisi lwebele, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenzeka kuphela izinyanga. Kunezinkomba ezinqunywe ukuthi ingane kufanele iyenze ukuze iqhubeke iphila ngaphandle kokucindezeleka kanye nokuntuleka emzimbeni. Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinyangeni zingatholakala etafuleni lokuthuthukiswa kwengane engakafiki. Ichazwe ngezansi futhi ibonisa lezi zici zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana ezingenasisindo njengesisindo sayo nokuphakama, kuye ngokuthi inyanga yokuphila, kanye nezinga lokuqeda isimo sokuqala.
| Ubudala | I-degree of prematurity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-IV (800-1000 g) | III (1001-1500 g) | II (1501-2000 g) | Mina (2001-2500 g) | |||||
| Isisindo, g | Ubude, cm | Isisindo, g | Ubude, cm | Isisindo, g | Ubude, cm | Isisindo, g | Ubude, cm | |
| 1 | 180 | 3.9 | 190 | 3.7 | 190 | 3.8 | 300 | 3.7 |
| 2 | 400 | 3.5 | 650 | 4 | 700-800 | 3.9 | 800 | 3.6 |
| 3 | 600-700 | 2.5 | 600-700 | 4.2 | 700-800 | 3.6 | 700-800 | 3.6 |
| 4 | 600 | 3.5 | 600-700 | 3.7 | 600-900 | 3.8 | 700-900 | 3.3 |
| 5 | 650 | 3.7 | 750 | 3.6 | 800 | 3.3 | 700 | 2.3 |
| 6th | 750 | 3.7 | 800 | 2.8 | 700 | 2.3 | 700 | 2 |
| I-7 | 500 | 2.5 | 950 | 3 | 600 | 2.3 | 700 | 1.6 |
| I-8 | 500 | 2.5 | 600 | 1.6 | 700 | 1.8 | 700 | 1.5 |
| 9th | 500 | 1.5 | 600 | 1.6 | 700 | 1.8 | 700 | 1.5 |
| 10 | 450 | 2.5 | 500 | 1.7 | 400 | 0.8 | 400 | 1.5 |
| 11 | 500 | 2.2 | 300 | 0.6 | 500 | 0.9 | 400 | 1.0 |
| I-12 | 450 | 1.7 | 350 | 1.2 | 400 | 1.5 | 300 | 1.2 |
| Unyaka owodwa, isisindo | ≈ 7080 | ≈ 8450 | ≈ 8650 | ≈ 9450 | ||||
Uma ubona zonke izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana ezingakafiki, ukuthuthukiswa kwazo kuze kube yonyaka kuzodlula ngokwezimiso eziphilayo futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuncike odokotela kanye nesimo esiseduze nengane. Njengoba engakabonakali ukucabanga, kanye nesimiso sezinzwa, kuwumsebenzi odokotela ukudala izimo ezinjalo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke lezi zincenye zenyama kuqhutshwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu.