I-Melanomas yizilonda ezinonya esikhumbeni. Zakhiwa kusuka kuma-melanocytes - amangqamuzana ahlanganisa i-melanin. Lezi zingu-pigment lapho umbala wesikhumba sabantu uncike khona. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-melanoma azivamile. Kodwa maduzane, ngeshwa, lesi sigameko sanda. Futhi ngokuvamile intsha ihlupheka.
Kungani i-melanoma ivela?
Ama-melanomas, njengezinye izicubu ezimbi, zivela ngenxa yokulimala ku-DNA yamaseli anempilo. Ukwenza lokhu kuguqulwa kungaba yizici ezihluke ngokuphelele.
- Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kuyingozi. Ochwepheshe abathandekayo batusa ukuba abantu abanesikhumba esicindezelekile - ngokuvamile ama-blonde namhlophe.
- Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-melanoma zivela ezigulini ezinama-molecular atypical. Lezi zinsuku zilula ukuhlukanisa - zifana futhi ziphakama ngaphezu kwe-epidermis. Endaweni engcupheni yilabo abanama-birthmarks - kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo-kakhulu kakhulu.
- Ukuqapha impilo yakho ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka kubantu abanesandulela ngculaza. Ziyakwazi ukuthola izifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza.
Ukwesaba i-melanoma yilabo bantu abanesifo esivele selashwe kanye. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo siphula futhi sibhekene nesimo semvelo esikuyo.
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-melanoma yesikhumba
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-oncology, ama-melanoma asezindaweni, ngakho-ke akunzima ukuwabona. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuguqulwa kwesibonakaliso sokuzalwa ku-melanoma ukukhula kwayo okusebenzayo. Akunandaba ukuthi i- nevus endala noma isanda kusungulwa ikhula ngobukhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukuphuthuma ukuya ochwepheshe.
Ezimpawu zesifo, kuyisiko futhi ukufaka ushintsho ekujuleni nombala we-birthmark. Ngokuvamile nevi nxazonke brown. Uma izingqikithi zamachashazi ziqala ukufiphaza futhi kufinyeleleke eminye imibala emnyama - lokhu kufanele kubhekwe njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile se-melanoma yesikhumba.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukungazinaki amacala uma ama-crusts avela ku-nevi, noma kusuka kuwo uketshezi oluthile. Ngezingqinamba ezinobungozi, lokhu akukwenzeka.
Kumpawu zesibili zesikhumba se-melanoma kuyisiko ukufaka okulandelayo:
- itching;
- ukulahleka kwezinwele endaweni yendawo;
- ukubonakala kwezilonda;
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- ukuzwa okuvuthayo;
- shintsha ekubunjweni kwe-molecule (nge-melanoma iba yinto elula);
- ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezungeze ama-nevus;
- ukwakheka kwezindawo ezihlotshisiwe.