Umbuzo walokho okushiwo yi-Ego, ingavela phambi kwayo yonke umuntu oye wahlangabezana negama elithi "ubugovu". Kungenxa yale nhlangano ukuthi lo mqondo uvame ukubonwa ngendlela encane futhi engafanele. Empeleni, umqondo we-Ego unencazelo ejulile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Iyini i-ego yomuntu?
Ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-Ego, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene zengqondo. Kodwa ngisho nakulolu cala sizothola umqondo olinganiselwe walesi sici esibuhlungu besimo sethu. Mayelana ne-ego yakho siqu, iningi lokucabanga lingatholakala ku-psychoanalysis. Ngokuvamile, leli gama lisho ukungaphakathi komuntu obhekene nokuqonda, ukukhumbula ngekhanda, ukuhlola izwe elizungezile kanye noxhumana nomphakathi.
Abesilisa nabesifazane u-Ego kusiza abantu ukuba bazihlukanise nemvelo, bazibonele njengabantu ngabanye kanye nabantu abazimele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngizama ukugcina umuntu exhumana nezwe elizungezile, ngisize ngiqonde ukuthi kwenzekani nxazonke kimi futhi ngenze izinqumo zezenzo ezidingekayo. Kuyo yonke impilo, le ngxenye yobuntu iyakwazi ukuguqula nokwandisa, uma umuntu enza imizamo yokukhula ngokomoya.
Iyini i-Ego enkulu?
Umqondo we-Ego enkulu noma ephakeme ubhekisela endaweni ye-esotericism. I-High Ego ingokomoya lomuntu, izimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu ezitholakala enkambeni yokuqaphela izindaba eziphakeme ezingokomoya. Wonke umuntu ohlala emhlabeni wethu uzalwa njengenhloso yokwanelisa izifiso zakhe nezidingo zakhe. Umthombo ophansi uqhubezela lowo muntu ukuba abe umthengi, aphile ngokubambisana nabanye, esekela umzimba wakhe. Igogo eliphansi kunazo zonke liwumthombo wazo zonke izinkinga: umona, amanga, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuhaha.
Ngokuphambene nesisekelo esingaphansi, i-Ego ephakeme ifuna ukuhamba ngaphezu komuntu nomzimba futhi ixhumane nendawo yonke. Imithandazo, ama-mantras, ukuqeqeshwa ngokuzivocavoca kanye neminye imikhuba engokomoya kusiza i-Ego ukuthi ithole incazelo entsha, ibe yanda futhi ikhudlwana. Ngalesi sikhathi umuntu uthola izifiso eziphakeme, uqala ukubona abanye njengabantu abaseduze. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlamvu lushintsha, umphefumulo uba lula, ungokomoya, futhi uphelele.
Ingabe igoli lihle noma libi?
I-ego yomuntu iyingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo somuntu . Ngaphandle kwalo, ukukhona komuntu okunjalo akunakwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi u-Ego wesilisa noma wesifazane, kusiza ukuqonda izwe langaphandle futhi lihlaziye kusukela ekubukeni kokubaluleka komuntu. Ngenxa yomuntu wangaphakathi, umuntu ngamunye uguqukela emhlabeni, uthola indawo yakhe nokuzibiza, kanye noxhumana nabantu abakuzungezile.
Mayelana nokuthi kungcono yini ukuba ne-ego yakho noma okubi, ungakhuluma kuphela ngokwezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sici kanye nemisebenzi evelele abazithatha yona. Uma izwe elizungezile libonakala nje njengesikhulumi sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu, khona-ke singasho ukuthi i-ego ithuthukiswe ezingeni elibuthakathaka. I-"I" ethuthukile kakhulu izama ukuyingxenye yezwe, ngakho-ke ayizicabangeli izithakazelo zomuntu siqu, kodwa nezithakazelo zabanye.
Uyini u-ID-ID?
I-Ego-ubunikazi iyisici esibalulekile senkolelo ye-psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. Emisebenzini yakhe, i-psychoanalyst ibonisa ukuthi yi-ego-identity njengengxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka nokuphila okuphumelelayo komuntu ngamunye. Umqondo othe xaxa uthinta imizwa, hhayi isizathu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwengqondo yabesifazane. Ubunikazi bobuqotho besimo sengqondo somuntu , lapho izindima ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi nezomuntu siqu zingahlanganiswa khona.
Ubunikazi buzuza ekuthuthukiseni okungcono uma umuntu ethembele endleleni yokuphila nokuzimisela ngokwezigaba ezintathu: ezombusazwe, umsebenzi, inkolo. Ukungaqiniseki komuntu kuholela ekuthuthukiseni inkinga yomuntu siqu. Okubaluleke kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinkinga yilabo abasakhulayo, abanomsebenzi wabo ukuletha umuntu okhulayo endaweni entsha yokuqaphela nokuzibona.
I-Ego - kwengqondo
I-Ego yangaphakathi ibilokhu iphakathi nendawo yokubheka abameleli be-psychoanalysis. Le ngxenye yengqondo yomuntu yayibhekwa ngokubambisana no-Ono (Id) no-Super-I (Super-Ego). Umsunguli walo mqondo nguSigmund Freud, owayebheka ukushayela kwezinto zokushayela nobuntu. Abalandeli bakhe - u-A. Freud, u-E. Erickson no-E. Hartmann - bakholelwa ukuthi i-ego yizinto ezizimele kakhulu kune-Freud ezicatshangwayo nokuthi zibaluleke nakakhulu.
Iyini i-Ego ye-Freud?
I-ego kaFreud isakhiwo esihleliwe kakhulu esimweni sengqondo esibhekene nobuqotho, inhlangano kanye nenkumbulo yayo. Ngokusho kukaFreud, "Mina" ngifuna ukuvikela i-psyche ezimweni ezimbi nezinkumbulo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela. I-ego ingumlamuleli phakathi kwe-Id ne-Super-Ego. Ngiyacabangela imiyalezo evela ku-Id, ngiyibuyisela futhi ngiyasebenza ngesisekelo solwazi olutholiwe. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-ego iyimmeleli ye-Id ne-transmitter yayo ezweni langaphandle.
Ego - umqondo ka-Erickson
I-ego Psychology ye-Erickson, nakuba yayakhiwe ngesisekelo somsebenzi kaFreud, nokho kwaba nokungafani okuphawulekayo. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko komqondo kwafakwa esikhathini esizayo. Umsebenzi ka-Ego, ngokusho kuka-Erickson, ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu okujwayelekile. Ngiyakwazi ukuhlakulela, ukuhlakulela yonke impilo yami, ukulungisa ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile kwengqondo nokusiza ukulwa nezingxabano zangaphakathi. Nakuba u-Erikson futhi wabeka i-Ego njengezinto ezihlukile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyibheka ngokungenakuqondakala okuhlobene nengxenye yomphakathi nomuntu ngamunye.
Endabeni yakhe yentuthuko, u-E. Erickson ubeka ukugcizelela kakhulu esikhathini sokubuntwana. Lesi sikhathi eside sivumela umuntu ukuba athuthukise ngokwengqondo futhi athole isisekelo esihle sokuzivuselela ngokwengeziwe. Ukungahambi kahle kwengane, ngokusho kososayensi, kungumthwalo wokuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali, izinkathazo, ukwesaba okuthinta izinga lokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo.
I-Ego yeqiniso neyamanga
Isigaba seqiniso neyamanga Eg usebenza akusebenzi ku-psychology, kepha imiphumela yemfundiso echazwe ezincwadini zakudala zaseNdiya - iVedas. Kule mibhalo yesandla umuntu angathola enye ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi okuyiyo. Ngokwale mfundiso, i-Ego yamanga iyisici esisiza umuntu ukuba aqonde futhi aphile ezweni lomzimba. Lo mandla ubangela umuntu ukuthi lezo zifiso kanye nezikhuthazo ezidingekayo ukuze zisinde futhi ziduduze abantu bakhe kanye nabantu abaseduze. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, le nto ibizwa nangokuthi i-egoism.
I-Ego yeqiniso ihamba ngaphezu kwemingcele yobuntu nokuzikhathalela, kuyasiza ukunaka izwe elizungezile, ukuzizwa izinkinga zalo, ukusiza abantu. Ukuphila, okusekelwe ezenzweni nasemicabangweni egeleza kusuka ku-Self weqiniso, ikhanya futhi ihlanzekile. Ukuze unqobe u-egoism futhi uphile, ukulandela i-"I" yeqiniso, ngamandla ayo akunakwenzeka. Isisekelo salokhu kuphila uthando olukhulu kakhulu lukaNkulunkulu.
Izindlela zokuzivikela ze-ego
Umsunguli wezinhlelo zokuzivikela nguZ. Freud. Emisebenzini yesayensi, wakhuluma ngezinqubo zokuzivikela, njengendlela yokuvikela i-psyche ekucindezelekeni kwe-id ne-superego. Lezi zindlela zisebenza ezingeni eliphansi futhi ziholela ekuphazamiseni iqiniso. I-Freud ihlukaniswe ngale ndlela ego-ukuvikela:
- ukucindezela - ukususa ememori ulwazi oluhlukumeza i-psyche noma olungathandeki;
- Ukuqalwa - ukudluliswa kwemicabango nezifiso komunye umuntu;
- ukufaka esikhundleni - ukudluliswa kokuphendula okungalungile komuntu oyedwa obangela ukusabela komunye;
- ukulinganisa - incazelo yokuziphatha okungamukeleki kusukela ekubukeni kwelogi ngendlela yokuthi ukuziphatha kwaqala ukubonakala kuyamukeleka noma okuwukuphela okukhona;
- ukuvuselela - ukubuyela ekuziphatheni okuyisici sesikhathi esincane;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwemibono - ukuqondisa kabusha izimpendulo ezingabangela ukungahambi kahle emisebenzini evunyelwe umphakathi;
- imfundo esebenzayo yukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha ngqo ngokuphambene nezifiso umuntu analo;
- ukuphika - ukwenqaba ukuthola izenzakalo ezingathandeki noma imicabango.
Indlela yokuzuza i-Ego?
I-ego yomuntu izalwa ngokubonakala komuntu kulo mhlaba. Kuwo wonke ukuphila, kungashintsha isiqondiso, kuzalwa kabusha kusukela ekuziphatheni okuzidlayo kuya phezulu. Owesilisa nowesifazane u-Ego udinga ukunakwa umhlaba wonke, ngoba uzibheka njengesizinda sezulu. Izinkolo zabantu abahlukahlukene ziyavumelana ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba unqobe ugobe lobugovu olungenangqondo ngamandla akho. Ungakwazi ukubhekana nakho kuphela ngosizo lwamandla angaphezulu angokwemvelo. Ungathola umuntu ophakeme ngokuziphatha okuqhubekayo okungokomoya, ukufunda izincwadi ezingokomoya nokuzivuselela.
Ungayenza kanjani i-Ego yakho?
Ukulwa nomuntu ngokwakho kungomunye wemisebenzi enzima kunabo bonke abantu. Uma umuntu ene-Ego, ehlushwa yizithando, intukuthelo, umona, izifiso zomzimba, kuzodingeka alwe le nxenye yobuntu bakhe isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. Into yokuqala edingekayo ukuze uqinisekise i-Ego yakho ukuqonda ukuthi kungukuzigobonga, okuphansi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lokho okuholela kukho, ukuqaphela zonke izifiso zabo, izifiso, izisusa kanye nezinhloso zabo. Emva kwalokhu, udinga ukukhetha indlela ongasebenza ngayo ku-Ego yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa imikhuba engokomoya noma izinhlelo zengqondo ukuze uzikhandle.
Amabhuku mayelana ne-Ego
Ulwazi oluningi lwangaphakathi lwalo luqoqwe ezincwadini ezinjalo:
- UZ. Freud "Mina no-It" . Le ncwadi ihlola amandla e-Ego, incazelo yalo nokuxhumeka ohlangothini olungenalutho nolwazi lwe psyche.
- A. Freud "Psychology of Me kanye nezinqubo zokuzivikela . " Ngaphezu kokucabanga ngezingxenye ze-psyche encwadini, ungathola incazelo eningiliziwe yezindlela zokuzivikela.
- E. Erickson "Ubunikazi nomjikelezo wokuphila" . Le ncwadi ichaza ngokuningiliziwe umqondo oyinhloko we-psychology Erickson - ubunikazi.
- E. Hartmann "Philosophy of unconscious . " Emisebenzini yakhe, umbhali uzame ukuhlanganisa imibono ehlukene mayelana nokungazi lutho nokuzimela kwakhe.