Kuyini ubuciko njengesiqephu emphakathini? Lo mqondo usetshenziswa ezinhlokweni eziningi zokuphila, uhlobene kakhulu nezombangazwe, impilo yomphakathi, ubudlelwane bomuntu nabesifazane. I-Chauvinism ihamba ngokwayo isiqalo esiyingozi, isekelwe emicabangweni enhle kakhulu.
Chauvinism - kuyini?
Umlando wemvelaphi yegama elithi "chauvinism" uvela eFrance kusukela ngesikhathi sikaNapoleon Bonaparte. Isosha uNicolas Chauvin de Rochefort, wahlala engumsekeli ozinikele wombusi wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni. Igama laba igama lekhaya, laguqulwa laba yisikhathi. I-Chauvinism ngomqondo oyinhloko ingumqondo wokucabanga, okuyisisekelo esisekelwe ekukholweni kokuphakama kwesizwe esisodwa kunomunye. Izombusazwe ezishisayo, ukucindezela yizindlela ezisetshenziswa abaxhasi be-chauvinist ukuvusa inzondo yobuhlanga.
Ubani aba-chauvinists? Ngokungafani nobuzwe, lapho "zonke izizwe zilingana", abakwa-chauvinists babona isizwe sabo sinikezwe amandla akhethekile, okukhethekile, amalungelo. I-Fascism ingenye yezimpawu ezimbi ze-chauvinism, ubugebengu obhekene nesintu sonke. Umphumela - ukufa kwezigidi zabantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwemfuyo namasiko.
I-Chauvinism - Psychology
Umqondo we-chauvinism usetshenziswa yizi-psychologists zemigqa ehlukene. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwengqondo yokukhulisa, ngokusekelwe ekucindezelweni, kubeka ukuzethemba kwezingane esikhathini esizayo ngezindlela ezingalungile. Umfana angafunda umphumela wobudlelwane obhubhisayo phakathi kobaba nomama (ukushaywa, ukuhlazeka) futhi uphathe lolu hlelo luqhubeke nomndeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Kuyini "u-chauvinism wesilisa" ongabonakala ngokucacile emazweni asempumalanga, lapho okokuqala imfundo yayakhiwa phezu kobukhulu besilisa ngaphezu kowesifazane.
I-Chauvinism nokucwaswa kwabantu - umehluko
Ngokuyinhloko, kokubili izimo, ukuhlukumezeka nokucwaswa kwabantu, kuqukethe isici esithinta inhliziyo - imizwelo emibi (inzondo, ukungathandi, ukudelela). Ukuhlukumezeka kwabantu - umqondo obanzi - ukwesaba umuntu ukulahlekelwa, ukuqeda ubuhlanga babo. Ukwesaba kwama-xenophobes kuyadluliselwa kuwo wonke umuntu ongaphandle: isizwe, ubuhlanga, isiko, inkolo. I-Chauvinism ingenye yezinhlobo zokucwaswa kwabantu ezihlukumezayo futhi eziphikisana ngokuqinile nezithakazelo zesizwe sazo ukuze zilimaze abanye.
Izimpawu ze-chauvinism
Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukubonakala okubonakalayo okubandlulula akukho emthethweni, kujeziswa ngesijeziso. Izindinganiso zezombangazwe ezisekelwe ekuthambekeni kwe-chauvinistic ngeke ziholele ekuqondeni, ukuvuleka, ukuthula phakathi kwezizwe, ngakho-ke ngeke zijabulele ukusekelwa kwabantu abaningi. Imiphumela iyingozi: impi, uhlanga. Ngesimo somuntu siqu, i-chauvinism ikhona njengendlela "yokubukwa kwemibono", ikakhulukazi emadodeni. Izimpawu ze-chauvinist:
- owesilisa we-chauvinist "ngokulwa" ngokumelene ne-chauvinism, ubeka abanye icala, ngaphandle kwakhe;
- uzibheka ekhululekile ekubandlululweni kwezwe;
- exagger "ubukhulu", "okunye" kwe "intshisekelo" yabantu bayo;
- iphakamisa ukuthambekela kwesizwe sakhe;
- ukholelwa ukuthi bonke abantu "abakuqala" kufanele bathande, bahloniphe isizwe sakhe, bacasuke, bahlangane nokunganakwa;
- ubhala ngokunembile ukungaphumeleli kwamanye amaqembu ezizwe, kodwa akazi izimfanelo zangempela nezici zabantu bakhe.
Izinhlobo ze-chauvinism
Uma sicabangela ngokucacile isibonelo sokukhonkolo esivela emlandweni, khona-ke eRussia XIX - XX leminyaka. "Ubukhulu obukhulu be-chauvinism" - inkulumo ekhomba ubukhosi bombuso kwezinye izizwe, neBolsheviks ezayo ephikisana nobuzwe kanye nemibono eyingozi yaqala ukuphakanyiswa, kodwa njengesizwe-chauvinism ekhona emazweni omhlaba wesithathu. Kuze kube manje, kunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlakulela okukhona kwezinye izigaba zenhlalo nezenhlalakahle, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana:
- inkolo (ivuma);
- ikhaya;
- ubuhlanga;
- iminyaka yobudala;
- ubulili;
- ulimi.
Ubulili bobulili
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi indawo yokubonakaliswa - i-chauvinism isekelwe ekunciphiseni nasekubusweni kwabanye kwabanye, ukuphulwa, ukungalingani kwamalungelo. Ukubuka konke okusekelwe ekubandlululweni ngokobulili kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ubulili noma chauvinism. Umehluko emvelweni wemvelo phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane yenza ukungalingani kwezenzakaliso zezombusazwe, ezomnotho nezenhlalakahle - lokhu kuyindlela yokuziphatha ngokobulili. Izindinganiso zobulili zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni u-chauvinism wezocansi.
U-chauvinism wesilisa
Amadoda angaba nemizwa yethando, uzwela ngabesifazane, kodwa ungabheki njengabalingana, ngokunye ngenxa yokungafani kwengqondo. I-chauvinism yamadoda - igama (elinye igama - ubulili), esungulwe ngabesifazane baseMelika. Umlobi uN. Shmelev wayebheke njengesihluku somuntu. Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, indoda noma nini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi singatshela i-anecdote "owesifazane oyisiphukuphuku" noma "umkhwekazi omubi".
Ukubonakaliswa kwesimo se-chauvinism besilisa:
- izwi lamadoda ngumthetho wabesifazane;
- le ndoda iyinhloko emndenini;
- ingqondo, ingqondo kanye nengqondo - umehluko phakathi komuntu nowesifazane, okungukuthi imizwa yilapho kuphela;
- indoda ihlale ilungile;
- indoda - ukubonakala komthandi kuyakhuthazwa, ngenxa yowesifazana - lokhu kuyinkinga yomphakathi
U-chauvinism wesifazane
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. abesifazane basezweni laseYurophu baqala ukumemezela ukulingana kwabo namadoda. Inkulumo ye-American suffragiste Abigail Smith Adams: "Ngeke silalele imithetho, ngokutholwa esingayibambi iqhaza, futhi iziphathimandla ezingabonakali ezithakazelisayo zethu" zehla emlandweni. Ubunqunu bungumkhuba wokwenza izinto, ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka athola amandla nobubanzi. Abesifazane bakwazi ukufezekisa amalungelo afanayo namadoda ngalesi sikhathi:
- ukuthatha isikhundla esiphambili;
- qinela;
- inkonzo yamabutho;
- ukukhetha kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi;
- ukukhetha okukhululekile kwabalingani bobulili.
Konke lokhu kwasiza abesifazane ukuba baqine emphakathini, babe usizo, banethonya. U-chauvinism wesifazane ngumqondo owavela kamuva nje. Ngokungafani nabesifazane, ukuhlonipha amalungelo abantu nokulwela amalungelo afanayo nabo, abahlaziyi-bahlaziye indima yamadoda, bagcizelela ukuphakama kwabo. Amadoda athi abesifazane bayaphula amalungelo abo, bona ukucwaswa kanje:
- iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kokuqhathaniswa namadoda;
- amazinga aphansi okusebenza ngokomzimba;
- isidingo sokususa ikhanda esibukweni, isonto - owesifazane akudingeki enze lokhu;
- isinqumo sokuqeda ukukhulelwa - owesifazane angazithatha.
I-Chauvinism ezweni lamanje
Ukuze sithande amasiko ethu, indlela yokuphila, inkolo, ulimi, umculo yisifiso esijwayelekile sabantu banoma yibuphi ubuzwe. Izinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha, ngokomoya kusiza ukubona izinzuzo nobuhle bazo zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagugu amasiko omhlaba. I-chauvinism yezamasiko isakaza ifa layo njengelona kuphela futhi eliphakeme kwamanye amasiko - linciphisa umbono wabantu .
I-Chauvinism eBhayibhelini
Iyini i-chauvinism yanamuhla? Ayikho imibono evamile phakathi kwabaholi bezenhlalo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe. Umsuka walesi senzakalo uvela ekujuleni kwamakhulu eminyaka. Ubuholi besilisa ebuKristwini busekelwe endalweni yokudalwa kwezwe. UNkulunkulu wokuqala wadala uAdamu, emgqeni owakhelwe u-Eva-induduzo. Ukuthunjwa ePharadesi kungenxa yesiphambeko sika-Eva, owanambitheka (ozinikele esilingweni senyoka) apula - isithelo solwazi. "Zonke izinkinga zowesifazane!" - lo mbono awuzange usebenze esikhathini sethu.