Iyini i-autism, yiziphi izimpawu zezingane kanye nabantu abadala ababhekene nalesi sifo, yisifo esiphathwayo - imibuzo ephathelene nenani elikhulu labantu emhlabeni jikelele abaye babhekana nalesi sifo nabathandekayo babo. Ubuhlakani be-autism kuphela induduzo ebuthakathaka kulabo abangathanda ukubona ingane yabo evamile futhi ijabule.
I-Autism - iyini?
Iyini i-autism nokuthi kungani inombolo ezalwe nalokhu kuhlolwe eminyakeni yamuva iye yanda izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane - lezi zifundo zenziwa kwi-biology kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Kunemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. I-Autism yinkinga ephilayo ehambisana nezici zokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho esikhathini sokuqala kwe-intrauterine. Ekuphileni kukhona ukuhlukumezeka eziningana ekusebenzisaneni komphakathi, ukuvumelanisa nokucwiliswa kwe-autist kuye.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-syndrome ne-autism?
I-Autism - siyini lesi sifo nokuthi ihlobene kanjani ne-Down's syndrome? Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuhloswe okufanayo. Izingane-i-daunyata zihlala zithokozisa abantu, kepha ezigabeni ezingu-10 ziba yi-autistic. Umehluko we-Down syndrome evela ku-autism:
- I-Down syndrome yisifo esibucayi sezakhi zofuzo ze-trisomy 21 ngamabili we-chromosomes, ayimelwe ama-chromosomes amabili kodwa amathathu. I-Autism - ukwephula ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zobuchopho.
- I-Down's syndrome inezici ezihlukile ekubukeni, ngenxa yalokho, izingane eziphethe lesi sifo zibukeka zifana nenye (impumulo encane yomhlaba, ijwabu leso lesithathu, umlomo ovulekile, ubuso obuso). Abagunyazi bangasolwa ngokuphulwa ekuziphatheni.
- Izingane ezine-Down's syndrome zihlushwa yi-dementia. Phakathi kwe-autistics, kunabantu abaningi abanekhono abanekhono eliyingqayizivele, ukuwohloka komqondo kwenzeka ngezifo ezithinta izifo, ukungazinaki izingane, izinhlobo ezimbi ze-autism.
Izimbangela ze-Autism
I-autism noma i-disorder disorder disorder, i-genetics ayinikezi incazelo enembile yokuthi kungani lesi sifo siqala phakathi kwabacwaningi ngaphezu kokungqubuzana, kodwa kunezimbangela ezivamile kanye nezici ezithintekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo:
- ukuphambuka ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho esikhathini se-intrauterine;
- ukudluliswa kwefa;
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokuxuba;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zomama (toxoplasmosis, rubella) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- imithi yokugoma (ayiqinisekisiwe).
Izimpawu ze-Autism
Iyini i-autism futhi ibonakala kanjani? I-autism ecacile ikhangisa ngokushesha, kodwa ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngemva kokuqapha ngokucophelela nokuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-autism ziwuphawu oluqondile lwezinye izifo noma izifo eziphilayo, njenge-schizophrenia, i- Down syndrome , isithuthwane nesifo se-schizotypic.
I-Autism kubantu abadala - izimpawu
I-autist ngumuntu ogxile ezintweni ezincane zabantu abavamile. I-Autism kubantu abadala iveza ukuphazanyiswa okuncane ezinkambisweni zokuxhumana, ekudemeni kwengqondo. Kuyini umuntu omdala we-autism ongacatshangwa ngesisekelo se:
- ukuzwela okukhulu;
- ukulungiswa okubi emphakathini nokuphila okuzimele;
- qaphela ngokucophelela imithetho nemikhuba eyakhiwe yibo;
- ukuvalwa, ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe namakhono ahlakaniphile.
Izimpawu nge-degrees ezinzima ze-autistic disorder:
- ukukhubazeka komphakathi;
- ukuhluleka ukuqonda amakhono okuqala okuzenzekelayo;
- ukuwohloka komqondo.
I-Autism ezinganeni - izimpawu
I-autistic ingane ngumuntu obhapathiziwe emhlabeni wakhe. Ubuntu ngabunye buba nezici zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-autistic disorder ngabanye, kodwa kukhona izibonakaliso ezivamile:
- kusukela ebuntwaneni, ukungabi nothando kumama;
- Ukuxhumana okubukwayo akusekelwe;
- izingane ziqala ukukhuluma isikhathi sekwephuzile futhi zincane;
- i-echolalia;
- uthanda ukudlala ngezinto ezingavamile noma ngesitokisi esisodwa;
- ukwesaba okukhulu.
Lapho uneminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala, lezi zimpawu zilandelayo:
- inkulumo iqukethe izinhlamvu zemishwana ezamuzwa kubantu abadala, ezivela kumabonakude nasesimisweni somsakazo;
- Ukushintsha izingubo, ukushintsha umzila noma isimo esakhiweni kubangele ukukhathazeka okuqine kakhulu;
- Ingane ibhekene nezinkolelo.
Kusukela ebusheni, uma ingane ihlanganiswa, lokhu okulandelayo kungagcina kuzinzile:
- isifiso sokuba yedwa;
- izinhlobonhlobo zezithakazelo;
- ukuziphatha kwesiko;
- ukuqubuka okuvamile kwesibindi.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha i-autism?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-autism iphathwa kanjani yiyona nkinga enkulu yabazali abaxilongwa ngezingane kuye kwaqinisekiswa ucwaningo nokuxilongwa. Ngeshwa - ayiphathwa, kepha lokhu akufanele kube yisizathu sokuphelelwa ithemba. Yonke umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthuthukisa isimo kanye nokuhlalisana kwengane kuwela emahlombe abazali. Kusukela ezenzweni zabo: ngokulandela izincomo zikadokotela, uthando, ukubekezela nomusa kuxhomeke ekuthuthukiseni komuntu siqu we-autistic ingane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Autism
Ukwelashwa kwe-autistics kwenziwa ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinkinga zesifo. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-autism lulungiswa ngosizo lwe-psychotherapy nezinhlelo zomphakathi. Ngokuphumelela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-animal therapy (i-hippotherapy, i-dolphin therapy) - ukuxhumana kwe-autistic nezilwane kuholela ekuqiniseni kwe-psyche. Ngezimo ezinzima ze-autism, ezihambisana nezifo ezinzima, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa.
Ukwelapha ngokwemithi ye-autism
Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-autism akukhona, kukhona kuphela uphawu oluhloswe ngalo, olwenzelwe ukuqeda izimpawu. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa yizidakamizwa:
- I-Haloperidol (i-neuroleptic). Izinkinga zokuziphatha ezingeni lezinga, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokususa imoto injabulo, ukusiza ukuxhumana komntwana.
- Amalungiselelo e-lithium akhipha ukuhlaselwa kwentukuthelo nokuziphatha okulimazayo.
- I-Fluoxamine, i-fluoxetine (i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors) - isetshenziselwa izimo ezicindezelayo ze-autistic nezimo ezimbi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-autism nge-homeopathy akuyona imithi, kodwa njengoba ithuluzi elisizayo lisetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Ukulungiswa kwe-homeopathy ekwelapheni kwe-autism:
- I-Baryta carbonica (i-Barite carbonica)
- I-Hellidonium (chelidonium).
I-Autism - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kuyimfanelo ebalulekile, elele emahlombe abathandekayo, kanye nokuzivocavoca akuvumelekile lapha. Imithi yendabuko ingaba ukwengeza ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo okhethwe ochwepheshe. Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi ukusimamisa isimo sengqondo, ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziselwa i-herbal infusions:
- i-motherwort;
- i-valerian;
- sikshi Siberia;
- chamomile.
Ukudla ku-Autism
Isifo se-autism yisifo esingenangqondo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinqubo ze-metabolic. Abazali be-autistic abaqaphele baphawula ukuthi izingane zabo azibekezeleli izinhlobo ezithile zokudla, kanti lapho ukudla okunjalo njengokusanhlamvu, soy, ubisi lwezinkomo bekungabandakanywa ekudleni - izingane zazizwa ziba ngcono futhi zazivumelanisa ngokwengeziwe nemvelo. Lokhu kwaholela embonweni wokudala ukudla okhethekile kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwe-autistic disorders, ngenxa yalokhu, izingxenye ezilandelayo kufanele zikhishwe ekudleni:
- casin (etholakala kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yobisi yezimfuyo);
- gluten (amaprotheni akhona okusanhlamvu kakolweni, rye, oats kanye nebhali);
- i-aspartame (i-sweetener yokufakelwa okusetshenziselwa ukubhaka, iziphuzo ze-carbonated, ukuhlafuna i-gum);
- glutamate sodium (isithasiselo, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo, okungeziwe).
Imikhiqizo elandelayo inconywa:
- ubhontshisi (ubhontshisi, i-peas, ama-chickpeas, i-lentils);
- Izitshalo ezingenalo i-gluten (ibhakede, i-millet, i-corn, i-amaranth);
- inyama enamafutha aphansi;
- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemifino, izithelo;
- inhlanzi;
- ubisi lwe-soy.
Faka amafilimu mayelana ne-autistics
Abenzi befilimu abanamakhono amaningi bavame ukuphakamisa isihloko sabantu abakhethekile emidwebo yabo. Iyini i-autist nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile ezikhethekile kubantu abanjalo, ungathola ngokubuka amafilimu alandelayo amnandi:
- "Ukunyuka kweMercury / Mercury Rising . " Umxhwele waseMelika ngo-1998 no-B. Willis engxenyeni yomsebenzi we-FBI, ovikela umfana uSimon, owavusa ikhodi entsha eyimfihlo yohlelo lukahulumeni "Mercury". USimon uneminyaka engu-9 ubudala futhi ukusebenza kwengqondo ngezibalo kanye nezibalo akumele kubhekane nobunzima kuye, ungumuntu ohlakaniphile-autist oye wangena ngaphansi kwezinsizakalo ezikhethekile.
- "Igama lami nguKhan. " Le filimu ibhekisela ezenzakalweni zika-2011, lapho izingqondo zabantu baseSulumane ziba yizimbangela zezinhlekelele nezinkathazo. U-Rizvan Khan ungumSulumane obhekene nesimo esikhethekile se-autism asperger syndrome uye wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi phakathi kwanoma yisiphi isizwe nenkolo kukhona abantu abalungile nabanobubele.
- I-Rain Man . U-Dustin Hoffman njengomuntu-savant (i-autist enekhono lobuhlakani) enememori emangalisayo kanye nekhono emasekhondini ambalwa ukukhiqiza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo, ngenkathi ehlala ezingeni lokuthuthukiswa kwengane encane engozini. Uyesaba ukuhamba ngezindiza, njengoba ekhumbula inqwaba yabantu ababulewe ekushayweni kwezindiza.
- "Umkhulu wethempeli . " Le filimu yayisekelwe ku-biography yesazi esaziwayo nomlobi ophikisana nokuthi "i-autism", yaqaphela ngempumelelo emphakathini.
- U-Adamu / u-Adamu . Ifilimu mayelana nezinkinga zokuxhumana nabantu abanezinkinga ze-autistic kanye nokubaluleka kokuthola umsebenzi wabo.
I-autistics eyaziwa
Ifomu elilula le-autistic disorders "linganikeza" umuntu onobuhlakani kunoma iyiphi indawo. U-Ben Affleck umlandisi we-autistic ku-ifilimu ethi "Ukubuyisela" kudlale i-accountant ye-genius ehlakaniphile. Empilweni yangempela, kwenzeka ngempela ukuthi imvelo, enqatshelwe, ivuza umuntu ngamanye amakhono namakhono. Ekusekeleni leli qiniso, kunabantu abaye banikeza umhlaba ukuthola okuningi nokuqalwa. Abantu abadumile abane-autism:
- ULeonardo da Vinci . Umnqopho womculi nomsunguli wokuphelela nokulungiswa ngokweqile emininingwaneni encane kunazo zonke (izindebe ze-Mona Lisa zabhalwa ngumuntu ohlakaniphile iminyaka engu-12) zisho umuntu owe-autistic kuwo.
- Kim Peak . Isibonelo sangempela seqhawe le-movie ethi "Umuntu Wemvula." UKim wazalwa enezibalo eziningi zobuchopho. Esikhathini esilandelayo kwenzeka ukuthi umfana unememori ephawulekayo futhi ukhumbula kuze kube ngu-98% ulwazi olufundwayo noma olubonwayo.
- Umkhulu wethempeli . Ehamba ngaphesheya kokutholakala kwesifo, lo ososayensi wesifazane onolwazi uye wenza amaphrojekthi amaningi omphakathi futhi utshela mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaphakathi okuhlobene ne-autistic disorder. Wakha umshini okuthiwa "ukumbumbuluza", ukuzolalisa abanikazi bezimoto ngezingcweti.
- U-Lionel Messi . Umdlali odumile waseBarcelona futhi ngokusho kwabagxeki umdlali webhola lezinyawo emhlabeni jikelele uL. Messi ungumbhali, ongamvimbeli ekubeni ngumsebenzi ebhizinisini lakhe.
- UDonna Williams . Yini i-autism yengane, umculi onethalente nomlobi we-bestsellers wase-Australia uyazibonela. Ngesikhathi esemncane, uDonna wayengumuntu oyisithulu futhi engalahleki ngokwengqondo waze wafunyanwa ene-autism.