I-syndrome ye-immunodeficiency etholakalayo ibonakala ngokuncipha emisebenzini yokuzivikela yomzimba ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamangqamuzana anomthwalo wokuzivikela - ikakhulukazi, i-CD4 lymphocytes. Yibo abathintekayo yi-HIV, noma kunjalo, bebhekisela eqenjini lama-virus "aphuza," angavumeli abantu bazi ngokwabo maduzane. Ngokuvamile, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zokuqala ze-AIDS zivele, sekudlula iminyaka eminingi.
Izindlela zokutheleleka nge-HIV
- Isikhathi sokugxilwa ngamasonto ama-3-6 amasonto.
- Isigaba se-febrile esiphuthumayo - senziwa ngemuva kwesikhathi sokutshala, kodwa ku-30-50% wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi alibonakali.
- Isikhathi esingenakuqhathaniswa singu-10 kuya ku-15 iminyaka (ngokwesilinganiso).
- Isigaba esiveziwe yi-AIDS.
Ezigulini ezingu-10%, inkambo yokushayela kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwenzeka uma isimo siwohloka ngokushesha emva kwesikhathi sokukhushulwa.
Izimpawu zokuqala
Esikhathini esiphezulu se-febrile esiteji, ukutheleleka kubonakala ngendlela yezibonakaliso ezingekho emthethweni, ezinjengokuphathwa ikhanda, ubuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane kanye / noma ubuhlungu obuhlangene, umkhuhlane (ngokuvamile ugqamile - kuze kufike ku-37.5 ° C), isicashu, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes. Ngokuvamile izibonakaliso zokuqala zokutheleleka nge-HIV (i-AIDS ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi lesi simo okwamanje) ididekile ngezifo ze-catarrhal noma i-malaise ngenxa yokucindezeleka, ukukhathala.
Izinsolo ze-HIV
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kunconywa uma kuphulwa okulandelayo:
- ukushisa okuphakeme isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki elilodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaboniswa ngokuhlaziywa okuvamile;
- ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes (inguinal, umlomo wesibeletho, i-axillary) ngokungabikho kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni;
- isifo sohudo esingahlali amasonto ambalwa;
- izibonakaliso ze-candidiasis (thrush) yomlomo womlomo;
- i-herpes ejulile noma indawo yangasese engabonakali;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo esibukhali ngenxa yesizathu esicacile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufanele futhi linikezwe uma kwakukhona ucansi olungaphephile noma ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ama-antibodies lapho uhlaziyo olubucayi luqala khona ukukhiqizwa amasonto amane kuya kwangu-24 ngemuva kokutheleleka, ngaphambi kwalokhu umphumela wokuhlolwa kungenzeka ungabonakali.
Izimpawu zesifo se-AIDS
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi esingenakulinganiswa, inani le-CD4 cell lymphocytes (isimo somzimba sokuzivikela ngculazi esineziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza hlola njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezi-6 ukulawula inkinga yesifo) sinciphise sibe ngu-200 / μL, kanti inani elivamile liyi-500 kuya ku-1200 / μL. Ngalesi sigaba, i-AIDS iqala, futhi izibonakaliso zayo zokuqala yizifo ezibangelwa izifo ezithandanayo (ngokwemvelo). Ama-microorganisms aphilayo emzimbeni angalimazi umuntu onempilo, kodwa ngesiguli esinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngesistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka lezi zifo eziyingozi ziyingozi kakhulu.
Isiguli sigxeka nge-pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, ephindaphinda futhi engaphathwa kabi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-AIDS zibonakaliswa ngesimo sezingqimba zesikhumba:
- i-herpes - evulekile nakwezinye izindawo ezingaqondile;
- izibhamu - izibulter ezibuhlungu;
- I-thrush yesigxobo somlomo - i-curd emhlophe;
- i-leukoplakia enomunwe wesikhumba somlomo - amacwecwe amhlophe ezinhlangothini zolimi.
Isiteji esikhulu
Esigabeni esilandelayo senkinga yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, lezi zimpawu ezisenhla kanye nezimpawu ze-AIDS zihambisana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba (ngaphezu kuka-10% kwesisindo sonke).
Isiguli singase sibe nakho:
- isifo sofuba;
- I-Helminthiasis;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- i-lymphoma;
- Sarcoma Kaposi;
- i-pneumocystis pneumonia, njll.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-AIDS nazo zihambisana nezinkinga eziyingozi zezinzwa.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuphuza isikhathi lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-AIDS zibonisa, ukuvimbela kuyadingeka - emadodeni nasemadodeni imithi ingavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba kanye ne-PCP. Futhi, kufanele uhambisane nendlela yokuphila enempilo, hlala uhlanzekile ekamelweni, ugweme ukuxhumana nezilwane nemikhuhlane.