Izigidi zabantu zibulawa yisifo sofuba minyaka yonke. Lesi sifo siyiphutha: kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ekuthuthukiseni isigaba esiyingozi, kungathatha iminyaka. Kubalulekile ukukhomba isifo sofuba ngesikhathi sokuqala - izimpawu (izimpawu zokuqala) zisiza kulokhu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyiphatha.
Isifo sofuba samaphaphu - izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubangelwa yi-mycobacteria - induku kaKoch. Lezi zingane ezincane zithinteka. Emanzini, amabhaktheriya angakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwawo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-60, futhi phezu kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene - kuze kube amasonto amane. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo, i-wand kaKoch ingaphila iminyaka eminingi. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka kanje:
- amaconsi amancane (emva kokuxhumana nomuntu osulelekile noma othintekayo, ehlala ekamelweni elifanayo nesiguli);
- ngokudla;
- indlela yokugcoba (kusukela kumama ogciwane lesandulela ngculaza);
- ngokusebenzisa izinto ezijwayelekile;
- ngokusebenzisa kisses nobulili.
Indlela yokubona isifo sofuba sesifo sofuba sincike esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zesifo:
- okuyisisekelo, lapho i-pathogen inemaphaphu;
- Isikhathi esilandelayo (isigaba esilandelayo - ngalesi sigaba, isandulela-ngculaza ayifuni abanye abantu);
- ifomu elivulekile (elinomthelela kakhulu);
- Isigaba sesibili (ukutheleleka kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke).
Ifomu elivaliwe sesifo sofuba
Izici eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
- umphumela omuhle, ohlinzeka ngesikhumba;
- ukungabi khona kwe-malaise;
- umphumela wokuhlaziya okwenziwe nge-sputum;
- nge-radiography ayikho izinguquko ezibonakalayo emaphashini.
Ifomu elivaliwe alihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwalokho iplanethi ngeke ibe nomuntu oyedwa ongathintekile. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uphumule - awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi isifo sofuba samaphaphu sibonakala kanjani. Noma kunini, ifomu elivaliwe lingangena evulekile. Kulesi sigaba lesi sifo sithathelwana kakhulu, futhi sihambisana nezibonakaliso ezikhethekile. Ngemva kokuzibona ngesikhathi, kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nalesi sifo.
Vula ifomu lesifo sofuba - izimpawu
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo zibonakaliswa kuphela ngemuva kokuba i-pathogen ingene egazini. Esigabeni sokuqala, azibonakali kahle, kepha njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba se-pulmonary zibizwa. Izici ezilandelayo zibhekisela ezimpawu ze-malaise ngendlela elula:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibukhali;
- ukhathala okwandayo;
- ubuhlungu besifuba nesifo sofuba;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle;
- izinguquko eziningi zemizwelo;
- umkhuhlane.
Izimpawu kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sofuba zihlanganisa ukukhwehlela okukhulu - kunomsoco futhi kuvamile, nokungcola okungcolile ku-phlegm. Uma ubona izimpawu eziningana ngesikhatsi esifanayo, kufanele uthole ngokushesha usizo lwezokwelapha. Isikhathi esilahlekile asihambisani nesiguli: isigaba esinobudlova singathuthuka. Nansi indlela evulekile ngayo isifo sofuba esibonisa:
- lokushisa ngo-39 ° C;
- ukukhwehlela okukhulu;
- ukujuluka ngesikhathi sokulala;
- iziguli zikhononda ngobuthakathaka nokukhathala.
Isifo sofuba sibonakala kanjani?
Lesi yisifo esingapheli esimisweni se-musculoskeletal, esibonakala ngokubunjwa kwe-granuloma ne-bone destruction. Okuvamile kakhulu isifo esithinta umgogodla. Kwenzeka kumacala angu-40%. Izifo ze-hip nama-knee joints ajwayelekile kakhulu. Kuphawulwe ngamacala angu-20%. Ngomvuthwandaba ofanayo, kukhona isifo sezinyathelo ezingenhla kanye namajoyina angama-ankle. Ingabe izimpawu zesifo sofuba (izibonakaliso zokuqala), ezihluke kakhulu kulabo abavela kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zesifo:
- I-ostitis eyinhloko, engatholakali.
- Ifomu eqhubekayo engaqondakali.
- Isifo sofuba esiphuthumayo samathambo samabonakaliso sibonakala. Kulesi sigaba, i-fistula ivela, izicubu zikhubazekile futhi ubude bomkhawulo buhluka.
- I-osteitis eqhubekayo ngokubhujiswa kwamathambo.
- I-osteoarthritis . Lesi sigaba sibonakala esigabeni sokubola kwenqubo yokuvuvukala.
Isifo sofuba esiswini - izimpawu
Kuyinto isifo esithathelwanayo esingenasifo. Kuyinkqubo yesibili eqala ngesimo esiqhubekayo sesifo esihlasela amaphaphu. Amathumbu aphethwe ahlanganiswe nezinhlaka ezifana nesisu. Ama-nodules amancane angabonakala - ama-granulomas. Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukuxhaswa kwe-formation kuyabonakala, ngenxa yokuthi izilonda eziphaphayo zivelaphi.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zisiza ukuqonda ukuthi isifo sofuba sobathumbu sibonakala kanjani. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zixhomeke ekubambeni kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isithombe somtholampilo singahluka kakhulu. Siza ukuhlonza isifo sofuba emathunjini kuqala (izibonakaliso) zalesi sifo, phakathi kwazo okukhanyayo okulandelayo:
- isimo somkhuhlane;
- izinzwa ezibuhlungu ekwenzeni, ezanda ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokusebenza;
- ukhathala okwandayo;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukujuluka okukhulu.
Isifo sofuba somgogodla - izimpawu
Esikhathini sokuqala lesi sifo sivela ngaphandle kwempawu ezikhethekile. Sekuyisikhathi eside kungase kube nesithombe somtholampilo esingabonakali, ngokusho ukuthi kunzima yini ukuthola ukugula. Kanye nalokhu, isifo sofuba somgogodla, izibonakaliso zokuqala (izimpawu) zinganikezwa okulandelayo:
- ubuhlungu bebuhlungu bokuhluka okuhluka, okwakhiwa kwawo okuhambisana nendawo yokugxila;
- Izinguquko ze-pathological in the shape of the spine;
- ukulinganiselwa ekuhambeni nasekulahlekelweni kozwela.
Zonke lezi zimpawu (izibonakaliso zokuqala) zesifo sofuba somgogodla sibonakala kanye nezinye izici ezihlukile zesifo - umkhuhlane, ubuthakathaka kanye ne-malaise. Isithombe esinjalo somtholampilo sivumela udokotela ukuba acabange ukuthi uyatholakala yini. Kodwa-ke, uzoletha isiphetho sokugcina ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele. Izinqubo ezilandelayo zisiza ukukhomba isifo sofuba samathambo namalunga noma umgogodla:
- I-Ultrasound;
- i-radiography;
- I-MRI;
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
- i-biopsy.
Isifo sofuba sesibindi
Lesi sifo siba semzimba obuthakathaka, ngaphandle kwamandla okulwa. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu: ukucindezela ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka ngokweqile, ukungabi nokulala, imikhuba emibi, imvelo embi, ukungondleki. Leli fomu lesifo liboniswa lapho isiguli sibhekene nobuhlungu besifo sofuba sofuba okwesikhashana. Izinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane zesifo zivame ukutholakala.
Isifo sesifo sofuba esiyisifo sofuba sibonisa okulandelayo:
- ubuhlungu ku-hypochondrium efanele;
- i-anorexia;
- umsebenzi wesibindi okhubazekile;
- umkhuhlane wemvelaphi engaziwa;
- i-jaundice;
- ukwandisa kwesibindi;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuphazamiseka nokunye okunjalo.
Kunzima ukusho ngokuqondile, emva kokuthi isifo sofuba sibonakala kanjani emva kokutheleleka. Kungathatha amasonto amathathu kuya ku-12, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka, ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zokugula zivele zibonakale. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo kuzosiza izinqubo ezilandelayo:
- ukuskena kwesibindi;
- i-biopsy ;
- i-laparoscopy;
- i-echography.
Isifo sofuba se-lymph nodes - izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala
Lesi sifo singaqhubekela phambili kokubili ngemuva kwesifo se-pulmonary pathology, futhi njengesifo esizimele. Ama-lymph nodes amaningana athathwe ngesikhathi esisodwa: ngokuvamile lezi ziyi-submandibular, i-jugular ne-pre-hormonal. Ngokwesiko, lesi sifo sitholakala ngesimo esingapheli futhi siqala ngokuqina kwezicubu. Isifo sofuba se-lymph nodes sibonakala yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- i-pallor noma i-cyanosis yesikhumba;
- ukwandisa i-lymph nodes;
- ukuzwa okubuhlungu endaweni yokuzibandakanya;
- ukwehla kwamandla;
- ukushisa komzimba ophezulu.
Izimpawu zisezingeni lesiguli:
- Ifomu lokungena libhekwa ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu eziyinhloko ezivezwe kahle;
- Isiteji esibucayi (i-fibrosis iqala);
- isigaba esivamile (izimpawu zibizwa futhi zizwakala ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengamaphaphu emaphaphu);
- ifomu elibi elingabangela ukufa.
Isifo sofuba esifubeni
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutheleleka: okuphelile futhi okungajwayelekile. Okokuqala kungenziwa ngaphambi kokubuhlungu obukhulu ngemuva kanye nesifo sofuba se-pulmonary noma umgogodla. Inqubo yokutheleleka ikhula futhi iqhubekele ngaphakathi ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, futhi ngemuva kokuba amagciwane aphethe isikhumba. Uma ukutheleleka komgwaqo okungavamile kuvela ngaphandle. Izisulu zakhe zivame ukwelapha izilwane kanye nabathengi.
Ukwazi ukuthi isifo sofuba sibonakala kanjani ezinyangeni zokuqala senza inqubo yokuvuselela. Ukugula, ngokuziqaphela ngokwayo izibonakaliso zezici, kufanele ukhulume ngokushesha nodokotela:
- ukuqhuma;
- izikhukhula;
- ukwehla kwamandla;
- ukukhulelwa kwengculazi;
- ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-Mantoux.
Isifo sesifo sofuba - izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala
Ngalesi sifo, ilungu elibukwayo lilimazekile futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuphazamiseka. Lesi sifo sikhohlisayo, ngoba izimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo zingabonakaliswa ezigulini ezinezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemvamisa. Ezinye iziguli zithathe ngephutha izimbonakaliso ezinjalo ngokubhebhetheka kwezifo ezincane eziyingozi. Isikhathi sinqatshiwe futhi isimo sishintshwa kuphela.
Isigaba sokuqala sesifo sofuba yisimpawu:
- izinyembezi eziningi;
- ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo;
- ukwanda eduze kwe-nricle ye-lymph node;
- ukulahlekelwa kancane kwombono.
Isifo sofuba sezinso kanye nomgogodla
Ukugula isikhathi eside kungenziwa ngaphandle kwempawu ezikhethekile. Ngokuvamile lapho izimpawu zokuqala zembulwa, isifo sofuba sinesikhathi sokuthola ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulwa nalo kudinga imizamo eminingi nemithi. Nazi izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sofuba esingabonwa esigulini:
- ukuzwa okubuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar;
- i-dysuria;
- igazi emcimbini;
- i-anemia;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
- umkhuhlane.