Isifo sikaHodgkin (i-Hodgkin's lymphoma, i-lymphogranulomatosis) yisifo esingavamile esingaba khona ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kodwa kuvame ukutholakala emaqenjini amabili: iminyaka engu-20-29 nangemva kweminyaka engu-55. Kuthiwa isifo ngokuhlonishwa nodokotela waseNgilandi u-T. Hodgkin, owakuchaza okokuqala.
Isifo sikaHodgkin - siyini?
Isifo esicatshangelwayo yiluhlobo lwesifo esibi esivela emathisini lymphoid. Izicubu ze-Lymphoid zimeleleke emzimbeni futhi ziqukethe amangqamuzana amancane lymphocytes kanye namaseli angama-reticular, atholakale ikakhulukazi ku-lymph nodes kanye ne-pleen, kanye nezinye izitho eziningi (i-thymus gland, i-bone marrow, njll) ngendlela yama-nodules amancane.
Izimbangela zezifo zikaHodgkin
Lesi sifo siqala ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yokuvela emathanjeni omzimba womuntu wamangqamuzana athile amakhulu atholakalayo ekutadisheni kwe-lymph nodes ezithintekayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Kodwa-ke, isizathu esiqondile sokuvela kwala maseli asakaqaliwe, futhi izifundo zisasenziwa kule ndlela.
Ngokwesinye sezicabango, lesi sifo sinesifo esithathelwanayo, njengoba kuboniswa ukutholakala cishe kwesigamu seziguli ezinegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Kukhona nobufakazi obusekela ukuhlangana kwesifo sikaHodgkin nesifo esithathelwanayo se-mononucleosis.
Ezinye izici ezishukumisayo ziyi:
- izici ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, umthelela wamakhemikhali;
- imikhuba emibi;
- izakhi zofuzo.
Izimpawu zezifo zikaHodgkin
Njengoba noma iyiphi ingxenye yezicubu ze-lymphoid ingahileleka enkambweni ye-pathological, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo kuhlotshaniswa nendawo yesilonda. Izimpawu zakhe zokuqala azivamile iziguli ezesabekayo, ngoba bangaba khona kwezinye izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Njengomthetho, isikhalazo sokuqala sihlotshaniswa nokunyuka kwama-lymph nodes okuphathelene nendawo ngokumelene nesizinda sempilo ephelele. Ngokuvamile, okokuqala, i-lymph nodes yomlomo wesibeletho iyathinteka, ngakho-ke i-axillary ne-inguinal. Ngokunyuka kwabo okusheshayo, ubuhlungu babo bungabonakala.
Kwezinye izimo, izicubu ze-lymphoid zesifuba zithinteka kuqala. Khona-ke isibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo sikaHodgkin singaba ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela ngenxa yomshoshaphansi emaphashini nase-bronchi ye-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe. Lapho izilonda ze-lymph nodes zeziguli zesikhumba esiswini sezikhalaza ngokungahambi kahle nobuhlungu esiswini, ukulahlekelwa yifiso.
Emva kwesikhathi esithile (kusukela emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana), inqubo yokugulisa imithi iphela ukuba yendawo, lesi sifo sifinyelela emathangeni lymphatic omzimba wonke. Wonke ama-lymph nodes, kaningi futhi i-spleen, isibindi, amathambo akhula.
Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kuveza izimpawu ezinjalo:
- ubuhlungu ezithombeni zangaphakathi, amathambo;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuthuthumela okubandayo ebusuku;
- ukukhula buthakathaka;
- isikhumba esilula endaweni ye-lymph nodes (ikakhulukazi emva kokuphuza utshwala);
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo zikaHodgkin
Namuhla, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikaHodgkin:
- ukwelashwa kwemisebe;
- i-chemotherapy nehlanganisela ehlukahlukene yezidakamizwa;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwe-radiation therapy kanye ne-chemotherapy;
- i-chemotherapy ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhulayo zezidakamizwa nge-transplantation eyengeziwe yamathambo.
Njengomthetho, inkambo yokuqala yokwelapha iqala esiteshini sesibhedlela, bese iziguli ziqhubeka nokwelashwa ngesineke.
Isifo sikaHodgkin yisiphumo
Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelashwa kwalesi sifo zinganikeza ukuxolelwa isikhathi eside noma okuphelele (ngezinye izikhathi ngamacala anganaki). Kukholelwa ukuthi iziguli ezinokukhululwa okuphelele zihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 emva kokuphela kokuphela kokwelashwa ekugcineni kuphulukiswa.