Umbuzo wokuzethemba ophansi futhi ophansi uye waba nesithakazelo kubahlengikazi, futhi imizamo iye yenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukwakha izindlela eziphumelelayo. Akunakusho ukuthi zonke aziphumelelanga, kodwa akukho indlela ecacile yokuxilongwa okwamanje. Enye yezindlela eziyaziwa kakhulu zokuzihlola iyindlela yokuxilongwa kwe-Dembo-Rubinstein. Yabizwa ngokuthi idumise abadali - uTamara Dembo wakhetha inqubo, kanti uSusanna Rubinstein uguqule ukuhlolisisa ukuzethemba.
Indlela yokufunda ukuzethemba kweDemobo-Rubinstein
Ngaphandle, le nqubo ilula kakhulu - lezi zihloko zicelwa ukuba zithathele uhlolo, imiphumela elandelwa yi-psychologist. Indlela ye-Dembo-Rubinstein yokuzihlola ngendlela elandelayo: Kunemigqa eyisikhombisa emibala (izikali) ephepheni lephepha elibonisa impilo, ingqondo (ikhono), ikhono lokwenza okuthile ngezandla zomuntu siqu, ukubukeka, umlingisi, igunya lesontanga, ukuzethemba. Umugqa ngamunye unemingcele ecacile yokuqala nokuphela, futhi phakathi nendawo imakwe ngengozi engabonakali. Umkhawulo ongaphezulu uveza ukuthuthukiswa okuphakeme kwekhwalithi (umuntu ojabule kakhulu), ophansi uveza ukungabi nhlobo kwekhwalithi (umuntu ohluphekile kakhulu). Kusukela kulolu daba kuyadingeka ukuba uphawu kumkhakha ngamunye isici (-) izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ngayinye okwamanje. Umbuthano (O) kufanele uqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezimfanelo ezizokwenza ukuziqhenya ngokwabo uzizwe. Okulandelayo, kufanele uhlaziye ngokulinganayo amakhono akho bese ubhala izinga (x) elingafinyelelwa esiphambanweni (x).
Ukuze kube lula ukubala, ukuphakama kwesilinganiso ngasinye kumele kwenziwe 100 mm, kanti izinga elilodwa lemilimitha kufanele libhekwe njengelilingana nephuzu elilodwa (isampula iboniswa kulesibalo). Ukuhlolwa kunikezwa imizuzu 10-12. Uma uzohlola ukuzethemba kwakho, khona-ke qala kuqala ukuhlolwa, bese ufunda incazelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqonda kwakhe kuzothinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukuchazwa kwenqubo yeDembo-Rubinstein
Ukuze unqume ukuzihlola ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-Dembo-Rubinstein, kuyadingeka ukunquma imingcele yayo emithathu - ukuphakama, ukuzinza nokusebenza kwangempela. Isilinganiso sokuqala "sezempilo" asihlanganyeli ekuhloleni, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa, izilinganiso ezisele zidingeka zihlolwe.
Ukuphakama kokuzihlonipha. Inani lezibalo ezifika ku-45 lisho ukuzethemba okuphansi, kusuka ku-45 kuya ku-74 kubonisa izinga eliphansi lokuzihlonipha, futhi okuphezulu kufana namaphoyinti angu-75-100. Ukuzihlonipha okukhululekile kungakhuluma ngokungahlali komuntu siqu, ukungakwazi ukuhlola ngokufanele imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo, ukuziqhathanisa nabanye. Futhi, ukuzethemba okukhulu kakhulu kungabonisa ukuphazamiseka ekubunjweni komuntu - ukuvalwa kwesipiliyoni, ukungakwazi ukuzitholela amaphutha akho. Ukuzihlonipha okuphansi kubonisa ukungaqiniseki kwangempela noma ukuphendula okuvikelayo, lapho ukuqaphela ukungakwazi kukufihla ukungathandi ukwenza noma yini.
Ukuzethemba okungokoqobo. Izinga elivamile libhekwa ngamaphuzu angu-60 kuya kwangu-89, okubalwa ngamaphuzu angama-75-89, okubonisa ukuqonda okungokoqobo kwamakhono abo. Umphumela wamaphuzu angaphezu kwezingu-90 ubonisa umbono ongenangqondo ngamakhono abo. Umphumela ungaphansi kwezingu-60 ezilinganiselwe ezingeni eliphansi lezimangalo zomuntu, okuyisikhombisa
Ukusimama kokuzihlonipha. Leli qiniso liboniswa ubuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe ezibekwa esikalini. Iziphambano kufanele zibekwe phakathi kwezimpawu "-" no "O". Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-zero nesiphambano limelela isikhathi esingenakufinyeleleka kunangaphansi, kanti ibanga ukuya esiphambanweni likhulu, liphakeme izinga lokulindela. Ama-mugs kufanele abe ngaphansi kwesibalo esiphezulu kakhulu, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi akadingi kahle. Uma ukuzethemba kungalingani, izinkomba zezilinganiso ezahlukene "yeqa", khona-ke lokhu kungubufakazi bokungazinzi ngokomzwelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi ekufundeni ukuzethemba kungaba nemiphumela enembile. Kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa okunembile kungenziwa kuphela ngososayensi, ngoba umamateur ngeke nje alalele izinto ezincane ezibaluleke kakhulu.