Ukucabanga kuyindlela yokucabanga komuntu, lapho ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile nokungaqondile kweqiniso kwenzeka khona. Indlela ephakeme kakhulu yokucabanga yikhono lokungasiqondi kuphela iqiniso, kodwa futhi ukudala ukuxhumana okunengqondo phakathi kwezinto ezingokoqobo.
Ukucabanga kanye nezinhlobo zokucabanga
Ukucabanga njalo kuthatha ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwe-logic, okungaba yiqiniso noma amanga. Esikhathini salo, imisebenzi elandelayo enengqondo ihlukaniswa:
- Ukuqhathanisa kuyisimo sengqondo, lapho ukufana nokuhlukana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kusungulwa. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukudala izigaba - ifomu eliyinhloko lokuqondiswa kwemfundiso.
- Ukuhlaziywa kungukusebenza kwengqondo, lapho izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezimele futhi ziqhathaniswa nomunye nomunye.
- I-synthhesis yindlela yokusebenza kwengqondo, lapho izenzo zishintshwa khona: kusukela ezingxenyeni ezithile konke kubuyiselwa kabusha. Njengomthetho, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokwabelana okuvame ukuqhutshwa ndawonye, okuholela ekufundeni okujulile kweqiniso.
- Ukukhishwa kwemvelo kungukusebenza kwengqondo, lapho izinto ezibalulekile nokuxhumeka kwezinto zihlukanisiwe futhi zihlukaniswe nezici ezingabalulekile. Izimpawu azikho njengezifundo ezizimele. I-Abstraction ikuvumela ukuba ufunde noma iyiphi into ngokuningiliziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa imiqondo.
- I-generalization yinto yokusebenza kwengqondo, lapho izinhloso zengqondo zihlangene ngokuvumelana nezici ezivamile.
Lokhu kusebenza okunengqondo kuhlangene futhi kungasetshenziswa kokubili ndawonye futhi ngokwehlukana.
Amafomu okuqonda (abstract) ukucabanga
Cabanga ngezinhlobo zokucabanga okungacacile nezici zazo. Okuphelele, ezintathu zazo zikhethiwe, futhi enye eyalandela iyinkimbinkimbi kunokwedlule - lo mqondo, isiphakamiso nesiphetho.
- Umqondo uhlobo lokucabanga lapho ulwazi luchaza khona ekilasini noma izici zezinto ezihambelanayo. Isibonelo, umqondo we "inja" uhlanganisa i-Pekingese, umalusi, ne-bulldog, futhi
ezinye izinhlobo. Ezinye izibonelo zemiqondo "yikhaya", "imbali", "isihlalo". - Isigwebo isitatimende (esihle noma esibi) mayelana nento noma impahla. Isigwebo singaba lula noma sinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo: "zonke izinja zimnyama", "isihlalo singenziwa ngezinkuni". Isigwebo akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kuyindlela yokucabanga, lapho umuntu edonsela khona iziphetho ezivela ekwahluleleni ngabanye. Lena yindlela ephakeme kunazo zonke yokucabanga, ngoba idinga umsebenzi ophezulu wengqondo. Ucwaningo lwama-logic alufakiwe. Isibonelo: "Kuyana, bese udinga ukuthatha isambulela nawe."
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukucabanga njalo kunengqondo ethile, kodwa akusiyo njalo iqiniso. Ukuqonda kwangempela yiyona ndlela ephakeme kakhulu yokucabanga, futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuxhumana okusobala okusobala.