I-pneumonia yisifo esibi kakhulu samaphaphu, lapho izicubu zamaphaphu zivutha khona. Ngokuvamile amabhaktheriya anesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kwe-pneumonia.
Izinhlobo ze-pneumonia
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pneumonia, kuye ngokuthi indawo yendawo ishicilelwe kanjani:
- I-pneumonia eyigugu iyindlela ephawulekayo yesifo lapho kushaywa khona indawo encane yamaphaphu (okuthiwa i-bronchopneumonia, lapho izingxenye ze-bronchi nezokuphefumula zonakalisiwe);
- wabelane - inani lamaphaphu lithintekayo (lokhu kubhekisela ekuphefumulweni kwe-pneumonia - i-alveoli iyathinteka);
- i-segmental - ifinyelela ezingxenyeni eziningana zamaphaphu;
- ukukhipha - kuleli fomu encane foci ihlangene ibe enkulu;
- inani - lisebenza kuwo wonke amaphaphu.
Futhi, i-pneumonia ihlukaniswa izilonda zamaphaphu njengesinye esisodwa - lesi sifo sithatha elinye lamaphaphu, futhi amabili - kokubili amaphaphu athintekile.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ekwelapheni nasezintweni zesifo se-pneumonia kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sekuye kwaba nesifo esizimele noma isifo sesinye isifo (isibonelo, ngenxa ye-bronchitis).
Uma i-pneumonia ingaqhubeki ngenxa yesifo, khona-ke kuthiwa yi-pneumonitis.
Izimbangela ze-pneumonia
Iningi le-pneumonia liyisifo sesibili esenzeka ngemuva kwe-bronchitis engapheli. Ngokuvamile, ama-pneumonia aqoshwa ngesikhathi segciwane lesifo sengculazi, ngoba lidala imvelo enhle yegciwane emzimbeni, okungabangela ukuphefumula.
I-focal pneumonia ingaba yesibili ngenxa yezifo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela;
- isingenisi;
- umkhuhlane omnyama ;
- i-meningococcal meningitis;
- umkhuhlane we-typhoid;
- i-purulent otitis media;
- i-peritonitis;
- isifo somuthi;
- i-furunculosis;
- i-abscess yesibindi;
- i-osteomyelitis.
Uma i-pneumonia eqondile iqala ngokuyinhloko, i-microbes ihamba nge-bronchi - okuthiwa i-bronchogenic pathway, futhi uma ivela njengesifo sesibili, ama-microbes, amagciwane kanye ne-fungi banendlela egcwele igazi futhi i-lymphogenic.
I-Focal pneumonia - izimpawu
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-pneumonia ziba nzima noma zikhule kancane kancane.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia:
- ukuthuthumela;
- izikhukhula;
- umkhuhlane;
- ikhanda;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuphefumula nokukhwehlela.
Ukushisa kwe-pneumonia okugxile kuphezulu, futhi kungafinyelela ama-degrees angu-39. Uma ukuzivikela kungabuthakathaka, khona-ke izinga lokushisa likwazi ukuphakama kuphela.
Uma ukwelashwa kuqaliswa ngesikhathi, futhi kuqukethe ama-antibacterial agents, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5.
Isikhumbuzo singaba semanzi futhi somile. I-Slime evela ku-bronchi ingaba nokungcola kwe-pus.
Ngesikhathi se-pneumonia, umuntu uthola ukuphefumula nokugulisa - ukuphefumulela okungama-30 ngomzuzu kanye nokushaywa kwezingu-110.
Uma i-agent causative ye-pneumonia eyigugu yayiyi-streptococcus, khona-ke kanye nezimpawu ezichazwe nge-pleurisy exudative ifakwe.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia egxile
Ezimweni ezingu-80%, i-pneumococcus iyinhlangano ye-causative ye-pneumonia, kodwa futhi amanye amabhaktheriya angabangela lesi sifo: i-staphylococcus aureus, i-streptococcus, u-E. coli, i-meningococcus, i-chlamydia, i-mycoplasma, njll. Ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo kufanele ziphathwe:
- i-fluoroquinolones;
- i-penicillin;
- cephalosporins.
Zingahlanganiswa, futhi zikhethwe izinsuku ezingu-14. Zibekiwe ngokulandelana nangenhliziyo.
Kanye nalokhu, isiguli sinqunywe ama-agent aqinisekayo ngesimo samavithamini ama-complexes nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ama-mucolytics ngekhwehlela emanzi ukuhlanza i-bronchi emabhaktheriya nasekhamsini. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza i-Bromgeksin, i-Eufillin, i-Teopek.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inhalation yokwelashwa kwendawo esekelwe emithini kanye namafutha.
Lapho kubonakala isifo esiyingozi se-pneumonia, izinqubo ze-physiotherapeutic zisetshenziswa - UHF ne-electrophoresis.
Ingabe i-pneumonia igxile kakhulu?
I-pneumonia ukuvuvukala kwezicubu, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukutheleleka, kepha amagciwane (amabhaktheriya, ama-virus, isikhunta) angangena emzimbeni womunye umuntu futhi abangele ukuthi i-pneumonia, noma umkhuhlane, nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo esivame ukuhola.
Ukuphikisana kwe-pneumonia ebalulekile
Ukwelashwa okunganele kungaba nemiphumela elandelayo:
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-septic;
- i-edema yamapulmari;
- i-myocarditis;
- i-pericarditis;
- endocarditis;
- i-sepsis;
- i-meningitis;
- i-gangrene yamaphaphu;
- i-anemia.