Muva nje, isayensi isiyeke ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile, namuhla amagama "biochemistry" kanye "biophysics" ngeke kusimangaze noma ubani, kodwa kuvela ukuthi inqubo yokususa uhlaka yaqala esikhathini eside esidlule. Eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isiyalo esisha sesayensi - i-pathopsychology - esakhiwe ekuhlanganyeleni kwengqondo nokugula kwengqondo. Okusemkhakheni wezintshisekelo zalesi sayensi, kufanele futhi sifunde.
Isayensi ye-pathopsychology?
Njengosayensi, i-pathopsychology yaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngawo-1930, phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili kanye nempi emva kokulwa lapho abantu abaningi abanezinhlekelele zempi bevela khona obani abasebenza ngemimoya ukuze babuyiselwe. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesayensi kufinyelela ngawo-1970. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izisekelo ze-pathopsychology yaseRussia zabekwa khona emisebenzini yezengqondo zokuqala zokusebenza kwengqondo ezweni lethu. Ekugcineni, izingxabano mayelana nemisebenzi, isihloko kanye nendawo ye-pathopsychology yaqedwa ngawo-1980. Namuhla kunenqubo yokwahlukanisa isayensi ngeziqondiso ezihlukene, isibonelo, namuhla ukuqondiswa kwe-pathopsychology yezokwehlulela sekuye kwashintsha.
Isihloko nento ye-pathopsychology
I-pathopsychology ifunda ukukhathazeka kwezinqubo zengqondo futhi ithi ngosizo lwezindlela zengqondo. Kulesi simo, izinguquko ze-pathological zihlaziywa ngesisekelo sokuqhathaniswa ne-course kanye nemvelo yokwakheka kwezinqubo zengqondo futhi kusho abantu abanezinkampani zabo zengqondo ezihambisana nomkhuba. Ukuqhubeka kusukela enchazweni, kungashiwo ukuthi i-pathopsychology iyigatsha elisebenzayo le-psychology yezokwelapha, okuyihloko lapho kuhlolwa khona amaphethini okwakhiwa kwengqondo ye-psychopathologies, futhi into ibhekwa njengesihlukumezo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kokubonakaliswa okuhlukile, kodwa kufana nobukhulu obuncane, okungukuthi, emngceleni wejwayelekile ( enempilo) kusho.
Ama-syndromes we-pathopsychology
I-syndrome iyinhlanganisela yezibonakaliso zobuntu benkinga noma izinqubo zokuqaphela ezenzeka ngephethini ethile. Ku-psychopathology, ama-syndromes alandelayo abhekwa:
- schizophrenic;
- oligophrenic;
- i-affective-endogenous;
- exogenously organic;
- ubuntu-engavamile;
- okuqhubekayo-organic;
- i-psychogenic-neurotic;
- psychogenic-psychotic.
Izimiso ze-pathopsychology
Kunezindlela ezehlukene zokwenza izifundo ze-pathopsychological. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekhaya kwalezi zifundo kusenza sikwazi ukukhipha izimiso ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. Ikuvumela ukuthi uphenye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengengxabano yomsebenzi. Ihlose ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yezinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukudalulwa kwezinqubo zalezo zenzo kanye nezindlela zokubuyiselwa kwayo.
- Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi. Ukhomba izici zenkambo yezindlela zabantu ezingqondweni ngokuhlaziya amaphutha avele kuye lapho enza imisebenzi yokuhlola.
- Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezingqondweni ze-psychopathological zingabangelwa izindlela ezahlukene nobufakazi bezifunda ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, uphawu ngalunye kufanele luhlolwe ngokuhlanganyela nesifundo esiphelele.
- Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngosizo lwemisebenzi enjalo eyenza ukusebenza kwengqondo esetshenziswa ngumuntu emsebenzini wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubamba iqhaza kufanele kugxile isimo sengqondo somuntu siqu emsebenzini wakhe, imiphumela yaso kanye naye.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-pathological akufanele nje kuphela ukuthola isakhiwo sezinhlobo eziguquliwe zomsebenzi wengqondo, kodwa futhi uzilondoloze. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukubuyisela imisebenzi ephazamisayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kufanele kucabangele ubuhlobo bomuntu ozobhekana nakho. Ngokuvamile abantu abanengqondo yokukhubazeka benqabe ukwenza imisebenzi bese umcwaningi kufanele afune umsebenzi wokuhlola.
- Ucwaningo lwezifo lusebenzisa inamba enkulu yamasu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-psyche ayiyona inqubo eyodwa, futhi izindlela ezahlukene zidingeka ukukhomba zonke izindlela.
Izinkinga ze-pathopsychology zithinta ochwepheshe bezengqondo kunoma yikuphi ukugxila nokukhethekile, ngoba akekho kubo ongabandakanyi ukuxhumana kochwepheshe nabantu abangenabungozi.