I-botanists nababelethi sekuyisikhathi eside benesithakazelo ekuhlanganiseni izakhi zokudla okunomsoco ukolweni ngobunzima bebusika kanye nokungahloniphi kwe-rye. Ngenxa yalokho, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwasungulwa i-hybrid of wheat and rye, esetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo, okuwukuthi, ngokudla izilwane ezifuywayo.
Iyini igama lenhlanganisela ye rye nekolweni?
I-hybrid yokuqala ye-wheat kanye ne-rye emlandweni wokuqala ebizwa ngokuthi i-triticale eyinkimbinkimbi. Kwavela lapho inhlanganisela yamazwi amabili esiLatini: triticum, okusho ukolweni, futhi okuyisisekelo, okusho ukuthi rye.
Umdali we-triticale ungumzalisi waseJalimane uWilhelm Rimpau, owawukhipha ngo-1888. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-hybrid ayitholakali kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isikhathi sokuqala saqala ukukhula ngesilinganiso sokukhiqiza ngo-1970 emazweni aseNyakatho Melika. Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, izinhlamvu zikakolweni kanye ne-rye zahlonywa e-Ukraine, edolobheni laseKharkov. Namuhla i-triticale iyalinywa ngamanye amazwe amaningi (okungenani amathathu), phakathi kwabaholi abayiFrance, i-Australia, iPoland neBelarus.
Izici ze-triticale
I-hybrid yekoro ne rye - triticale - ithatha zonke izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zohlobo zombili lezilwane futhi zibuye zandiswe. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-triticale zihlanganisa:
- ukwanda kwama-frost;
- ukunciphisa umhlabathi wenhlabathi evundile;
- ukumelana nezifungi nezifo;
- ukwandisa amaprotheni okuqukethwe (1-1.5% ephakeme kunokolweni);
- okuqukethwe kwe-micro- kanye ne-macronutrients okusanhlamvu ezingeni likakolweni.
Ngokuyinhloko i-triticale ikhulile ngenhloso yokudla. Ukwenyuka kwamaprotheni okuqukethwe kuxazulula inkinga yokuntuleka kwalesi sici kwezinye izitshalo zomanyolo. Futhi, i-hybrid yengezwa kufulawa lapho ibhaka isinkwa sogwayi (cishe 20-50%), futhi lokhu kunomphumela omuhle. Inani lokudla okunomsoco lesinkwa landa, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo lukhuni kancane kancane.