I-gastroenteritis yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala lapho isisu nesisu esisithintekile sithintekile. Uma izinqubo ze-pathological zithinta intumbu enkulu, kulokhu lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi i-gastroenterocolitis.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gastroenteritis kungaxhunyaniswa nokudla okunobuthi, ukutheleleka ngama-bacterium kanye namagciwane, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asempofu, ukushisa ubuthi ngamakhemikhali, ama-alkalis, izinsimbi ezinzima, amalungiselelo e-mercury, njll. Lesi sifo sitholakala ngesimo esibucayi nesiguli. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gastroenteritis kubantu abadala.
Izimpawu ze-gastroenteritis yegciwane
I-gastroenteritis ye-etiology yegciwane ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane wamathumbu. Amagciwane akhuthaza lesi sifo abulale amangqamuzana e-epithelium esiswini nesisu samathumbu, ngenxa yalokho ukungenisa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izakhi ezinomsoco. Ayikho i-agent causative ethize ye-gastroenteritis yegciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, kubangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane:
- ama-caliciviruses (ikakhulukazi, ama-noroviruses);
- i-rotaviruses (izingane zivame ukutheleleka).
Ukusakaza igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungathintana namakhaya, izindlela zokudla namanzi. Indlela yokudlulisela emoyeni nayo ingenzeka. Umthombo we-calicivirus ukutheleleka kungaba izilwane ezifuywayo (amakati, izinja), izilwane zasolwandle ezingalungile. Ama-rotavirus avame ukuhanjiswa ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yobisi namanzi.
Ngemuva kokuxhumana ne-norovirus, njengomthetho, izimpawu zivela emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 futhi zigcine amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-60. Izici zezici ziyi:
- isifo sohudo;
- ukuhlanza (kancane kancane);
- isicasuli;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukulahlekelwa ukunakekelwa komusa (ngezinye izikhathi).
Futhi kungabonakala:
- ukuxhuma;
- ukulala;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- umkhuhlane obuthakathaka.
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-rotavirus isifo sezinsuku ezingu-1-5, isikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu izinsuku ezingu-3-7. I-rotavirus gastroenteritis iqala ngokuphawulekayo, izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, uhudo, nokulahlekelwa kwamandla kubonakala. I-stool ngosuku 2-3 yalesi sifo ibhekwa njenge-clayey, gray-yellow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zingase zibe nephunga elibomvu, ubomvu, nomsindo. Kwezinye izimo, i-rotovirus gastroenteritis kubantu abadala ayinamandla.
Izimpawu ze-gastroenteritis yebhaktheriya
I-gastroenteritis yebhaktheriya ibangelwa amabhaktheriya alandelayo:
- i-staphylococci;
- i-salmonella;
- i-shigella;
- E. coli;
- ikholera vibrio;
- izinti ze-botulism;
- protey nabanye.
Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ukuxhumana nomndeni, ukudla kanye namanzi. Ngokuvamile isikhathi sokuxubha se-gastroenteritis yebhaktheriya sithatha ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5. Izimpawu zithinta uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olwenza lesi sifo. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zimi kanje:
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- colic kanye nobuhlungu besisu;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba (ngekholera, izinga lokushisa livamile);
- izimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi.
Izimpawu ze-gastroenteritis engasetshenziswanga
I-gastroenteritis engeyona isifo esithathelwanayo ingenzeka ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile (ikakhulukazi ukudla okunomsoco futhi okubabayo), ukudla okunomsoco ekudleni nasekudleni, ukufaka ushevu ngezinto ezingenayo amabhaktheriya ezinobuthi (amakhowe anobuthi, izinhlanzi, izithelo zamatshe, njll).
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-gastroenteritis yemvelo engeyona isandulela ngukuthi:
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ubuhlungu besisu, bubi kakhulu ngokucindezelwa;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukujula okubandayo .
Izimpawu Ze-Gastroenteritis Ezingapheliyo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gastroenteritis engapheli kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi:
- ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala, ukudla okuneziphuzo;
- ukusabela okweqile;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- izingozi zezimboni, njll.
Loluhlobo lwe-pathology lubonisa ukuhlala njalo kwezibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- uzizwa unesizungu, u-raspiraniya nobuhlungu esiswini;
- ukudumaza esiswini;
- izihlalo ezivame ukukhuleka (kukhuthaza ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla);
- i-gassing eyanda;
- ukucasuka, ukukhathazeka.