Ukwenza izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kudingekile ukuba uhlinzekele indawo enobungozi. Ekusebenzeni kwezokwelashwa, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzekwa kwezifo ezihamba phambili, njengendlela yokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwemizwa ye-nerve okwesikhashana.
Izindlela zokuhlinzekwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezikwelapha amazinyo
Indlela echazweyo isetshenziselwa i-anesthesia yomhlathi wesibili nangaphezulu.
Esikhathini sokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-anesthesia:
- I-Infraorbital. Umuthi ujojelwe endaweni ye-infraorbital foramen.
- I-Tuberal. Umjovo wenziwa endaweni yomhlathi ophezulu. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi le nqubo ibhekwa njengengozi kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile idala izinkinga.
Ukwelashwa kwe-anesthesia emangcwabeni aphansi kwenzeka:
- I-Apodactyl. Inaliti ifakwe emhlanjeni eduze kwe-molar enkulu kakhulu.
- Intraoral. Esikhathini esidlule, isayithi lokujova ligcwele iminwe.
Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe busetshenziselwa ukusebenza emaseni, kanye nokuvumelanisa.
Ukuqhuba i-anesthesia yesilwane esingenhla
Ukuhlinzwa okuzayo okuzayo ekhanda nokusetshenziswa komjovo wokuhlinzeka ngezinzwa kusekelwe ezindleleni eziningana zokuvimbela i-plexus ye-brachial yizinhlobo zokufinyelela ezilandelayo:
- ukuphrinta;
- i-axillary;
- hlanganisa;
- i-clavicular ephansi.
Kukhona futhi indlela yokuvimbela izinzwa zokugcina.
Uma ubhekisa ngezansi kwehlangothini, i-conductor anesthesia iyadingeka esihlalweni. Ivumela ukuhlinzekela izinhlanzi emndenini omaphakathi, omsakazo kanye ne-ulnar. Iphuzu lokufakwa kwenaliti liphakathi nendawo yokugubha kwesibindi. Lezi zidakamizwa zinikeza ukuvimbela eside kokudluliselwa kwemizwa ye-nerve, ngakho-ke indlela ehlongozwayo isetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwiminwe.
Anesthetics ephumelelayo ye-anesthesia yokuziphatha:
- Trimecaine;
- Novocain;
- I-Ultracaine;
- Bupivacaine;
- Lidocaine.
Ukwandisa umphumela wezidakamizwa, kanye nokwengeza imijovo yezakhiwo eziphikisanayo nezibulalayo, i-adrenaline, ama-opioid nama-hormone e-steroid zengeziwe kwisixazululo.
Ukuqhutshwa kwe-anesthesia yesigungu esingaphansi
Kuncike ekuhlakalweni komlenze, ama-blockages ezinzwa ezinjalo ahlukaniswa:
- ukuvinjelwa;
- i-tibial;
- i-peroneal;
- i-femoral;
- i-lateral;
- umphetho wangaphandle wesikhumba;
- sciatic.
Ngaphambi komjovo, indawo eqondile ye-nerve ifunwa ngosizo lwe-ultrasound noma i-neurostimulator. Kubalulekile ukuvuselela indawo edingekayo isikhathi esanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaciswa kwephuzu lokuzikhethela kuvumela ukugwema imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene kusuka kumjovo.
Izinkinga ze-anesthesia ehamba phambili
Imiphumela evame ukungalungi ihlobene nengozi yentuthuko yokuphendula okwenziwe yi-individualergic kumuthi olawulwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinkinga ezinjalo:
- umonakalo emiseleni noma emifuleni yegazi nxazonke;
- ukushonsa nokuhlunguphaza okukhulu emlenzeni, ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokubulawa kwe-anesthesia nokuhlinzwa;
- ukuzwa kwezinyoni ezinwabuzelayo "i-goosebumps";
- ukungasebenzi komjovo lapho umjovo okwenziwe khona (ukungasebenzi kwegazi);
- ukuqhuma kwe-lymphatic flow (thoracic);
- ukudakwa ;
- i-pneumothorax;
- ukutheleleka kwendawo lapho umjovo wenziwa ngayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukusabela kwesistimu kukhula, kubonakaliswe ngesimo sokuzondeka, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi nokubuthakathaka kuwo wonke umzimba. Zingavamile futhi zibangelwa umjovo ongafanele we-anesthetic (ngaphakathi kwesitsha segazi).
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkinga azikho kaningi ngaphezu kwe-1% yazo zonke izimo ze-anesthesia.