Ngaphandle, umzimba womuntu uvimbela isitho sayo esikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke sinengozini kakhulu. Isikhumba sinezigaba ezintathu, i-epidermis, i-dermis nama-fatty tissue, ngalinye elibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze uqale ukuqala ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukwazi amafomu kanye nezimpawu zalawo ma-pathologies, ukubonakaliswa kwabo kwangaphandle.
Izinhlobo zezifo zesikhumba
Kunezinketho eziningana zokuhlukanisa iqembu elichazwe ngamagciwane kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo, uhlobo lwenkambo, isithombe sekliniki. Ukuze kube lula, izifo zesikhumba zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokusho kwesizathu sokuqala. Ngokucacisa izici ezenza ukuba kube nenkinga ekucatshangweni, kulula ukuthola isifo sokuxilongwa okufanele futhi ukuhlinzeka uhlelo olusebenzayo lokwelapha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ze-dermatological
Ngokwemvelaphi, iqembu eliphikisiwe lokukhubazeka lihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Izifo zebhaktheriya zesikhumba. Zibangelwa ikakhulukazi yi-staphylococci ne-streptococci, evame ukuhambisana nezinqubo ze-pustular.
- Izilonda ezincelisayo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sezifo zesikhumba yi-herpes, kuvame ukubuya.
- I-fungal pathology. Isici esihlukile saleli qembu ukuphika ukwelashwa.
- Izifo zesikhumba ezinama-parasitic kubantu. Lolu hlobo lwezifo luvusa izinto ezincane kakhulu.
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo. Bahlakulela ngenxa yokuphendula okungenele kwesistimu yabo yokuzivikela.
- I-pathologies engokwemvelo (umdlavuza wesikhumba). Izimbangela eziqondile zenzeke zazo azikaziwa.
Izifo zesikhumba - uhlu
Ukuze uthole ulwazi nganoma iyiphi inkinga, kubalulekile ukwazi igama layo ngqo. Isifo sesikhumba se-dermatological microbial - amagama:
- i-folliculitis ;
- i-acne;
- uchoko;
- impetigo ;
- i-balanitis;
- i-granulomatosis;
- i-furunculosis;
- i-ectyma;
- i-sycosis;
- i-keratolysis yamaselula encane;
- erysipeloid;
- i-streptoderma ;
- i-meningococemia;
- i-lymphangitis;
- Ama-crystalla esikhumba ;
- i-intertrigo;
- i-abscess;
- i-hydradenite nabanye.
Izifo zesikhumba se-viral:
- isikhombisi;
- i-herpes;
- molluscum contagiosum;
- ukuhlenga;
- i-warts;
- ama-papillomas nabanye.
Izifo ze-fungal:
- i-epidermophytia;
- I-Candidiasis;
- i-seborrhea;
- i-knotty trichosporia;
- i-trichophytosis;
- lichen ezinemibala;
- isikhala;
- i-rubrophytia;
- microsporia nabanye.
Izifo zesikhumba ezinama-parasitic:
- ama-scabies;
- i-demodicosis;
- i-leishmaniasis;
- pediculosis nabanye.
Izifo ezizenzakalelayo:
- i-urticaria;
- i-neurodermatitis;
- pemphigus;
- i-scleroderma;
- dermatomyositis;
- i-acrosclerosis;
- i-psoriasis;
- i-vasculitis;
- pemphigoid;
- i-lupic erythematosus ye-systemic enezibonakaliso esikhumbeni;
- i-herpetiform dermatitis ye-Dühring;
- I-Chloasma nabanye.
Izifo ezingokwemvelo:
- i-adenocarcinoma;
- i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba;
- i-basal cell;
- i-melanoma nabanye.
Izimpawu zezifo zesikhumba
Isithombe somtholampilo we-pathologies ye-dermatological ihambelana nohlobo lwabo nobukhulu. Izifo zesikhumba zinezimpawu ezivamile, phakathi kwazo okungabonwa:
- ukuqhuma;
- ukupheka;
- izilonda;
- ukubomvu, ukulimaza nezinye izinguquko zethoni lesikhumba;
- itching;
- i-acne;
- ama-abscesses;
- ukuphuma;
- ukuhlunga;
- ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
- isomiso;
- amabhuleki;
- shintsha esikhwameni sokukhumba;
- ukuvuvukala;
- ama-pustules, ama-papules nokunye okunjalo.
Izifo zesikhumba ebusweni
Inkinga evame kakhulu endaweni echazwe yi-acne. Ama-acne athukuthelwa yi-bacterial propionic, kodwa izici ezihlukahlukene zingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwazo:
- ukungalingani kwe-hormonal;
- ukunakekelwa okungafanele;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- izifo zesigcawu sesisu;
- ukwephulwa komsebenzi wokuzivikela;
- imikhuba emibi;
- ukucindezeleka.
Ngaphezu kwe-acne, i-pathologies evame ukubangelwa ezinye izifo ezincane, i-fungus, ama-virus kanye nama-parasites avamile. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zezifo zesikhumba ebusweni kubonakala esithombeni ngezansi:
- i-demodicosis;
- i-herpes;
- i-seborrheic dermatitis;
- i-rosacea;
- i-couperose;
- i-chloasma.
Izifo zesikhumba ekhanda
I-epidermis yezindawo zezinyosi nayo iyakwazi ukuthola izifo ze-dermatological. Isibonakaliso sabo esiyinhloko siwuhlukumezi. Ngokuvamile, izifo ze-scalp zihambisana nezinye izici:
- itching;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- ukuhlunga;
- umsebenzi okwandisiwe wezingqungquthela ezizimele;
- ingxenye engezansi;
- ukwehluleka, ukubhala nokubamba kwezinwele;
- ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
- ubomvu.
Izifo ezivamile ze-dermatological zezindawo ezinombala:
- i-seborrhea;
- I-Ringworm;
- i-pediculosis;
- folliculitis.
Izifo zesikhumba emzimbeni
Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-epidermis, i-dermis namafutha ivikela isifo somuntu. Izilonda ezikhulunywe kakhulu futhi ezinzulu zicasulwa yisifo sesikhumba se-psoriasis, ama-plaque ngezinye izikhathi afaka umzimba ofika ku-80%. Bokubonakala nokuhlelwa okuqondile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, ngakho-ke i-pathology itholakale kalula ngisho nangokwamukelwa okuyisisekelo kudokotela wesimemezelo.
Ezinye izifo zesikhumba ezivamile emzimbeni yizi:
- ukuhlenga;
- i-eczema;
- i-acne;
- i-pink lichen uZibera;
- i-dermatitis ye-allergen;
- i-urticaria;
- i-melanoma yesikhumba;
- i-warts.
Izifo zesikhumba ezandleni
Izintende nezandla zihlale zihlangana nezindawo ezingcolile, amakhemikhali nezinye izidakamizwa. Umphumela ungaba yisifo se-skin dermatitis, esinesimo sokuzimela (i-allergen). Ibonakala ngesimo sokukhwabanisa okubomvu, okujwayele ukuhlanganiswa nokubunjwa kwe-foci eningi yokuvuvukala, ukukhwabanisa nokushaya.
Izifo ezilandelayo zingatholakala nasesikhumba sezandla:
- ama-scabies;
- i-eczema;
- i-psoriasis;
- i-mycosis;
- I-Panaritium;
- i-neurodermatitis;
- i-vitiligo;
- i-warts.
Izifo zesikhumba emilenzeni
Izinyawo zivaliwe isikhathi esiningi ngezicathulo, zijwayele ukuxubha kanye nokulimala okuncane, okugqugquzela ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa izifo ezifungayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinyawo zivame ukutholakala nezifo ze-fungal zezikhumba ezibushelelezi, zihambisana nephunga elingathandeki, ukukhipha imfucuza ye-epidermis, ukubhujiswa kwezipikili. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lezo zifo zihamba phambili ngokushesha, zishintsha zibe uhlobo oluhlala njalo.
Ngaphansi kwalokho imilenze iyathinteka ezinye izifo zesikhumba, izimpawu zazo eziboniswa esithombeni:
- i-dermatitis;
- i-psoriasis;
- i-hyperkeratosis;
- ummbila;
- i-warr warts.
Izifo zesikhumba - ukuxilongwa
Ukuze unikeze ukwelashwa okwanele kudermatologist, kubalulekile ukuthola uhlobo lwe-pathology kanye nalokho okubangelwa khona. Izifo zesikhumba sabantu zitholwa yizo zindlela:
- ukuhlolwa komtholampilo nomchwepheshe;
- iqoqo le-anamnesis;
- ukubhaliswa kwezikhalazo zesiguli kanye nezimpawu ezibonakalayo;
- ukusungulwa kobukhona bokusabela kwe-isomorphic;
- i-vit-rupression (i-diascopy, icindezela ezindaweni ezimele ngilazi);
- ukulayishwa kwesendlalelo-nge-ungqimba;
- i-bacterioscopic noma i-bacteriological examination;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cytological kwezingcaphuno, ama-smears;
- ukusungulwa kokubunjwa kwamangqamuzana oketshezi oluhlukaniswe nomhlaba othekisiwe;
- i-hertochemical kanye nokuhlolwa kwakhe nge-hertological ye-epidermis;
- umbala noma i-dermatoscopy;
- ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba;
- izivivinyo ze-serological;
- ukuhlaziywa okuncane kakhulu kokuhlunga.
Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezithile zokuhlola, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuthola izifo zisetshenziswa. Okulandelayo kuyadingeka:
- igazi (ejwayelekile kanye ne-biochemical, ushukela);
- umchamo;
- udoti.
Kuye ngezimbangela ezilindelekile zalesi sifo, i-dermatologist ingancoma izifundo ezilandelayo:
- ama-panels e-hormonal;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-allergenic;
- isimo somzimba;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound yepheshana lezinsi;
- virology kanye nabanye.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo zesikhumba
Indlela yokwelapha ikhethwe ngokucabangela imbangela yokudalwa kwemvelo. Izifo zesikhumba ziphathwa ngezidakamizwa zesistimu nezendawo zenzelwe ukuqeda izimpawu kanye nokulwa nezifo ezifuywayo:
- anti-inflammatory;
- ama-antibiotics;
- i-antiviral;
- ama-corticosteroid noma ama-hormone ocansi;
- ama-antihistamine;
- i-antifungal;
- i-antiseptics;
- i-antiparasitic;
- ama-keratolytics namanye amaqembu emithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phyto- ne-physiotherapy isetshenziswa, izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zifanelekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisifo sesikhumba sitholakale:
- ukwenqatshwa kwezidakamizwa ezilimazayo;
- ukulungiswa kokudla;
- ukujwayelekile komkhuba wansuku zonke;
- ukhetha ukunakekelwa kwesilwane esifanele;
- ukubambelela embusweni wokuphuza;
- ukwamukela amavithamini kanye nama-microelements;
- ukuqaliswa kwamazinga okuhlanzeka.
Izifo zesikhumba nokuvikela kwabo
Ezinye izifo ze-dermatological azikwazi ukuvinjelwa, ikakhulukazi uma imithi isengakabonakali imbangela yalokho okwenzekayo, isibonelo, i-psoriasis noma i-eczema. Kwamanye amacala, ukuvimbela izifo zesikhumba kuncishisiwe kuya ezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Khetha kahle izimonyo.
- Gwema ukuvakashela izindawo zomphakathi ezinomswakama ophezulu (izibhuku zokubhukuda, ama-saunas, amabhuku kanye namabhishi), lapho kungagcinwa khona imithetho yemvelo.
- Ukunamathela emithethweni yokuhlanzeka, ugeza njalo, usebenzisa isobho lezimonyo (gel) ne-loofah.
- Ukuqeda ubulili obungavimbelwe nabalingani abangajwayelekile.
- Gcina izipikili zakho zihlanzekile.
- Ungasebenzisi amathawula abanye abantu, ama-washcloths, ama-razors nezinye izinto zomuntu siqu.
- Ingabe ukuzenzela, ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokukhishwa kwezinwele kuphela kumatters aqinisekisiwe abalandela imithetho ye-sanitary.
- Landela ukudla.
- Geza izandla ngaphambi kokudla, emva kokuya endlini yangasese bese uvela emgwaqeni.
- Sebenzisa i-spray spray noma i-napkins ukuze uphathe isikhumba uma uhamba ngezithuthi zomphakathi.
- Qaphela ukuhlukaniswa eceleni uma ilungu lomndeni selithole isifo se-dermatological.
- Ungathinti abantu abanegciwane noma izilwane.