Imbali eyimfihlakalo kakhulu colchicum (noma colchicum) ivela eMedithera. Igama laso lesibili lisho ukuthi "Colchis" - indawo eNtshonalanga Georgia, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo eziningana zalesi sitshalo. Manje isiko singakhula kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Colchicum - incazelo
Isitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside esibizwa ngokuthi i-herbaceous plant sibhekwa njengomndeni we-lily. Zonke izingxenye zalo, ikakhulukazi izimpande - zinobuthi. Esikhathini ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-stem, amaqabunga, imbewu, kunezinhlayiya, ama-alkaloids, ama-tanins, ushukela kanye ne-lipids. I-Cesspool isetshenziswe ngentshiseko emithini yokwelapha njenge-anesthetic ye-radiculitis, i-rheumatism, i-arthritis, i-antiemetic, i-diuretic ne-laxative. It isetshenziswa njengama-tinctures namafutha. Engadini, imbali iyathandwa ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokuhlobisa.
Ubheka kanjani i-cesspool?
I-Colchicum inamapulangwe amaningi aphansi kakhulu ahamba ngamaphesenti angu-10-50. Ahlanganiswe amaqabunga amakhulu amancane ase-lanceolate omthunzi omnyama womnqumo owenziwe entwasahlobo, futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo kwehla. Izimpande zesitshalo ziyi-corms oblong, u-3-5 cm ubude, ehlanganiswe ne-husk emnyama. I-Colchicum colchicum ikhiqiza izimbali ezihamba phambili, ezihamba zezinyosi, ezisezintambo, ezihlotshiswe ngamasondo, nezicathulo eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-20-25. Zingaba nemibala ehlukene - kusukela emhlophe kuya ku-violet. Ibhubhu ngokwesilinganiso inikeza 3-4 izimbali.
Ikhula nini i-colchicum?
Lesi sitshalo sathola igama layo ngesigqi esikhethekile sokuthuthukiswa. Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga kuphela ayakhula kuye, ekudluleleni kwe-colchicum ekwindla kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-iqhwa lokuqala. Inqubo ihlala cishe inyanga. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lezi zimbali ziphosa izinyosi, bese izimpondo ziyabuna, futhi ama-ovaries ebusika ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, kodwa azivamile.
Uhlobo lwezinhlobo colchicum - ngesikhathi sokuqedwa kwe-corollas, alinamaqabunga. Izithelo yi-capsule ye-oval globular enezidleke ezintathu, zivela kakade entwasahlobo ezayo, ngokushesha ngemuva kweqhwa lokugcina. Imbewu ivuthwe ngoMeyi-Juni. Ngemuva kokugcinwa kwawo, ingxenye yomhlabathi iphela ngokuphelele, futhi isibhamu "silele" kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, kuze kube yilapho sidinga ukulahla i-spike flower.
Izinhlobo ze-co-settlers
Inhlobo ye-colchicum iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70, ihluke phakathi komunye nomunye ngezikhathi zezimbali nokuhluma. Kwabaningi babo basebenzisa amagama ahlukene - i-crocus autumnal, i-safari ye-meadow, i-naked lady. Bahlukaniswe ngekwindla kanye nasentwasahlobo. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo emasimini kutshalwa izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu:
- I-Colchicum enhle kakhulu - ehlukahlukene kakhulu, efinyelela ubukhulu obungama-30 cm, amaqabunga amaqabunga ane-edge ye-wavy. Izimbali zakhe zingu-pinkish-purple, zivela ngoSeptemba. Izinhlobonhlobo zinamafomu amaningi engadini - ezimhlophe, ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, mahr, ezinkulu.
- I-Colchicum ejabule (noma ekhanyayo) - ekwindla ngesikhatsi kugeleza isayithi ibonakala njengendawo ebalabalabala. Ama-bulbs ayo akhula ngokushesha futhi adale amaphepheni ama-corollas aphuzi-aphuzi kuze kufike ku-7 cm ububanzi nge-rosette ene-magnolia. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokweqedwa okungapheli yisikhwama sokuvula amaqabunga amisiwe ebusika ngesikhathi sezinhlanzi. Ungenakuzithoba futhi uyathandwa ngabalimi bezimbali.
- I-Colchic Ankara iyisitshalo sasekuseni sekuseni . Ama-buds kanye namahlamvu avela kuye ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Unamaqabunga amathathu amancane anezimbali ezi-2-4 ezibomvu-pink, okwenzeka ngo-Ephreli kakade.
- I-cedarberry i-Byzantine - isitshalo sinamacembe amakhulu, ama-rosette ahlotshiswe ngamagagasi othintekayo. Izimbali zalo zinkulu, ngesakhiwo esiqhakazile, ithenda-lilac. I-bulb eyodwa ingakwazi ukukhulula kuze kufinyelele emafihleji angu-20. Izinhlobonhlobo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika.
Colchicum - ukunakekelwa nokulima
Ukuhlakulela i-cesspool kulula, ukukhula nokunakekela akubangeli izinkinga. Ungumuntu othobekile, ukhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, uthuthuke ngokujulile ezweni elingcolile, elidliwayo, elihle kumswakama nomoya. UColchicum uzizwa kahle, kokubili elangeni nase-penumbra. Isitshalo sehlobo sase-Summer sibekezela, amaqhwa ayesabi - ama-bulb avela enhlabathini awakhishwe ebusika. Izinhlobo ze-Terry nezimhlophe ku-frost kufanele zihlanganiswe namahlamvu awile.
Colchicum - ukufika
Faka emhlabathini colchicum ngo-Agasti, lapho utshala lesi sitshalo kungcono kakhulu, ngoba kusesimweni sokuphumula. Ukuze uhlakulele, ama-bulbs athathwe, afakwa emhlabathini nge-interval of 20 cm phakathi kwama-specimens. Ukujula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ukuhamba kuncike ngobukhulu babo futhi kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-20 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlabathi idinga ukukhulelwa - yenza i-tbsp engu-1. l. superphosphate kanye nelitha lomlotha ngamunye ngesakhiwo se-square metre 1. Emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala ngaphansi kokumba ibhakede lama-humus no-5 amalitha esitshantshi nge-1 sq.m.
Izitshalo zikwazi ukwenza amaqabunga aqinile futhi zondle izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezakhi. Ama-bloomberries avela ama-bulbs ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-6. Ukujula i-tuber emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithini lakhe elide libukeka livela ngaphansi komhlaba-ke ihlumela likhula kulo. Eminyakeni elandelayo, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kanti izitshalo zesiko zikhula kahle, lesi sitshalo sidliwa ngamakhemikhali e-nitrogen. Amakhomikhali anesisindo esilinganisweni sama-gramu angu-30 anikezela kumitha elilodwa lesigcawu sesakhiwo.
Nini ukufakelwa i-colchicum?
Lesi sitshalo sikhula isikhathi eside futhi sihlala endaweni eyodwa - iminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha. Khona-ke ukufakelwa kuyadingeka, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka ukuba kwenziwe yonke iminyaka engu 2-3. Uma kungenjalo, ama-bulbs akhula ngokushesha, abe maningi kakhulu, izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabeni zizocindezelwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimbali zesitshalo zikhula kancane noma ziphele ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ama-andala endala angcono ngokumba ngokugcwele, ebahlukanisa ngendodakazi nangama-maternal bulb (okwakamuva kakade akufanelekile ukuhluma). Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane zifanelekile ekuphumeni.
Ngesikhathi sokukhipha umsedari?
I-Colchicum iphinda ikhiqizwe kalula yizifo eziyizigaxa. Kokubili ukuvuthwa nokuguqula isiko kuyadingeka ngo-Agasti, kanti isitshalo sinesikhathi sokuphumula. Kodwa udinga ukumba ama-corms kusengaphambili. Ukuze kutholakale i-cesspool, ukunakekelwa nokulimala kucabangela isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Bamba ama-bulb ekuqaleni kokuphumula kwezitshalo. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kwehlobo ngemuva kokufa kwesigaba somhlabathi, ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwezimbali - ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga aphuzi futhi awe phansi (phakathi nonyaka noma ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi). Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane zitshalwe emhlabathini.
Colchicum - ukukhiqiza
Ukusabalalisa i-colchicum kungaba imbewu ne-indodakazi ama-bulbs. Esikhathini sokuqala, izimbali zingatholakala kuphela emva kweminyaka emi-5-7, indlela yesibili - evamile kakhulu. Colchicum - izindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza:
- Imbewu. Imbali yembali ivuthwe phakathi kwehlobo. Banjiswa isikhathi esifushane emanzini futhi batshalwe enhlabathini evulekile, enomanzi, ehlwanyelwe ngoJulayi. Amagciwane azovela ngonyaka ozayo kuphela. Kulula ukuzinakekela - amahlumela amancane, amanzi uma kunesidingo, uklebhula ukhula uhlanganise amaqabunga ebusika.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa. Phakathi kukaJulayi, lapho sekuyisikhathi sokutshala i-colchicum, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezindala zisusiwe futhi izingane zabo zixoshwa kuzo. Lezi zihlala phansi ekujuleni kwe-30-35 cm, kufanele zihlungwe ngokucophelela. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zisuswe emhlabathini, i-tube-shot is hhayi short kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho, bahlanzwa, bahlukaniswe, bagcinwe isigamu sehora kulesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Bese usomile futhi ugcine usomile ngaphambi kokushayeka (cishe izinsuku ezingu-2-3) ngo-24 ° C. Maphakathi no-Agasti, ama-bulbs atshalwe e-substrate efakwe ngamanyolo.
Ukunakekela kukaColchicum
I-Colchicum ibhekwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ukunakekela kuyadingeka kakhulu. Ukuphuza akudingekile, i-humidification ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, uma ngalesi sikhathi emgwaqweni yisimo sezulu esomile. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi sitshalo sinemvula eyanele yemvelo - isiko asifani nomswakama ophezulu, njengoba ama-bulb aqala ukubola. Okunye kuhlanganisa ukususwa kokhula kanye nesembozo sezinhlobo ezincane ebusika namahlamvu omile, i-lapnik, i-peat crumbs.
I-Colchicum ivame ukuthinteka yi- slugs kanye nemisundla edla amaqabunga amakhulu amancane esitshalweni. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuncoma ngesikhathi esifanayo weeding, ukulinganisela ukuchelela. Isikhala singafafazwa ngamatshe, ama-seashell, ama-eggshell. Njengoba kubonakala ababulali bezinambuzane ezingenambuzane, amafungicides Topaz, Champion, Kuproksat azogcinwa. Izingxenye ezithintekayo kakhulu zesitshalo kudingeka zidliwe.