Abazali abaningi baphupha ukuthi ingane yabo ikhule ngokhethekile, yaba yiqhosha. Uma bebodwa beqhayisa ngamakhono abantwana, abanye bayashesha ukubhala phansi ingane yabo ezikoleni ezikhethekile, lapho bazosizwa khona ukuthuthukisa imiklomelo. Esinye esikhungweni esithile esikhethekile, izingane zifunda ukuthi yiziphi izibalo ezingqondweni. Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zenqubo?
I-arithmetic yengqondo - iyini?
Ngaphansi kwezibalo zengqondo, kuyisiko ukuqonda uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okucabanga kanye nezimo zokudala ngenxa yokubalwa kwamathekisthi kuma-akhawunti. Indlela yokuhlolwa kwengqondo inikezwa izingane zesikole kusukela eminyakeni emine kuya eyishumi nesithupha. Yasungulwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule futhi manje isebenza kumazwe angamashumi amahlanu nambili emhlabeni. I-arithmetic yengqondo kusiza izingane ukuba zihlakulele zombili izitho zobuchopho.
Kungani sidinga izibalo zengqondo?
Ukuze benze isinqumo esibalulekile, abazali kufanele baqonde ukuthi isiphi isifuba sengqondo. Ngosizo lwakhe ingane izokwazi:
- funda ucabange ngobuciko;
- ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ingqondo nokuhlakanipha;
- ukukhombisa ubuciko;
- ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikole;
- ukubala ukulinganisa okuyinkimbinkimbi engqondweni.
Ngenxa yemisebenzi enjalo, umfundi angathuthukisa i-logic futhi afunde i-akhawunti yengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane izoba nesithakazelo kolwazi olusha namakhono. Esifundweni esinjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi siyathakazelisa futhi sijabulise: izibonelo zezibalo zingathathwa yizingoma, izingoma nezinkondlo. Kukhona umsebenzi wokukhuthaza, ukulalela, ukuxhumana, ukucabanga kanye nokuqonda.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-arithmetic yengqondo
Izibalo zengqondo zifundwa ezikoleni ezikhethekile. Ngesikhathi sonke semfundo, izingane zidinga ukudlula emazingeni ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nambili. Izinga ngalinye ngalinye lihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine. Amakilasi kufanele abe khona kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Ngonyaka nengxenye ingane ingakwazi ukwenza izibalo ezihlukene ngezinombolo ezine noma ezinamadijithi ama-5 engqondweni. Ukuqeqeshwa kuqhutshwa ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elifana nama-abacus. Ekuqaleni, izingane kudingeka zifunde ukuthi zingasebenza kanjani, zifake amathambo ngeminwe yazo.
I-arithmetic yengqondo - ngokumelene nokuphikisana
Le nqubo inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Noma kunjalo, akubona bonke abazali abakwaziyo ukuthi izibalo zengqondo zifundisa. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zale nqubo yilezi:
- Ingane ifunda ukubala ngokushesha engqondweni.
- Ngenxa yokugqugquzelwa kwamakhono amakhono emoto, i-hemisphere engakwesobunxele ivela ezinganeni zesikole.
- Isikole sithuthukisa ukusebenza ezikoleni eziningi ezikoleni.
- Izingane zithuthukisa ikhono lokufeza impumelelo ezintweni eziningi.
Akubona bonke abazali abaqaphela umthelela omuhle we-arithmetic kumuntu wesikole. Phakathi kokubheka okungalungile:
- Esikoleni ingane iyashesha futhi yenza amaphutha amaningi.
- Ukuxazulula izibonelo ezinzima engqondweni, ingane yesikole ayikwazi ukucabanga ngendlela efanele , kunzima ukuba ixazulule ukulingana.
I-arithmetic yengqondo inhle
Othisha nabazali abaningi bayaqaphela izinzuzo zezinto ezinjalo. Ngenxa yezifundo zemathematika yengqondo:
- Ungathuthukisa amakhono amakhono omoto.
- Ingane ingahlakulela inkumbulo . Ngenxa yale nqubo, umfundi angakwazi ukufunda izinkondlo, izingoma, amagama angaphandle.
- Umfundi wesikole ufunda ukubala ngokushesha engqondweni. Inqubo enjalo ye-arithmetic yengqondo iwusizo kwengane hhayi esikoleni kuphela, kodwa nangesikhathi esizayo lapho esekhulile.
I-arithmetic yengqondo - u-cons
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukufundisa ingane ngale ndlela, abazali bazama ukuthola ukuthi izibalo zengqondo zinikeza nokuthi zikhona yini izingozi zomfundi. Amaminithi wezibalo zengqondo ngezindleko zamakilasi. Akubona bonke abazali abanothando abangakhokha imfundo yengane esikoleni esikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omama nabazali bathi emva kokufunda okunjalo umntwana usuyeke ukucabangela ngokucophelela futhi ngokuvamile esikoleni esiphakeme uyashesha futhi wenza amaphutha. Ochwepheshe bathi kungcono ukuqhuba indlela yezingane ezinamakhono ezembalo.
Amabhuku e-arithmetic yengqondo
Uma abazali bengakabaza ukuthi ingane idinga ulwazi olunjalo, izincwadi zizosiza ukwenza okulungile. Bazokutshela ukuthi izibalo zengqondo zale ncwadi ziqala:
- M. Vorontsova "Inhlakanipho yezibalo: inqubo yokubala - ngaphambi kokuhamba" - ichaza izinzuzo nezinsalela zale nqubo.
- B. Arthur, Sh. Michael "Magic of numbers. Ukubala kwengqondo engqondweni naseminye imithi yamathematika " - ichaza izindlela ezilula ongafunda ngazo ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngezinombolo ezinkulu engqondweni.
- K. Bortolato "Setha" Ukufunda ukubala. Amanani kuze kufinyelele ku-20 " ingenye yezinkinobho ezintsha eziyingqayizivele ezisiza izingane zifunde i-akhawunti.
- A. Benjamin "Izibalo, Izimfihlo zeMathematika Yengqondo" - ngendlela efinyeleleka ikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwe-arithmetic yengqondo.
- S. Ertash "I-arithmetic yengqondo. Ukwengeza nokukhipha " - incwadi yezingane kusukela eminyakeni engu-4 ukuya kweyisithupha. Ngenxa yalesi sifundo, ingane izokwazi ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo ze-arithmetic yengqondo.
- Abacus-isikhungo "Isibalo somqondo" - ukuqeqeshwa okulula kwazingane zesikole kuchazwa.