I-Altruism - izinzuzo nezindleko

I-Altruism yinto ekhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuye kwaba khona abantu abajabulele umakhelwane kubaluleke kakhulu kunabo. Ukuzidela, izenzo ezingathandeki, umusa, ukuthambekela kozwela nokuziqhenya yizimfanelo ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona umuntu ongaziphendulela.

I-Altruism - iyini?

I-Altruism iyinkulumo (isiLatin esithi "abanye") esho umsebenzi womuntu wokuzikhethela kwabanye abadinga usizo kubantu. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-altruism yeqiniso ayihlotshaniswa nokuthola izinzuzo, ngaphandle kwalokho isenzo sokuzidela silahlekelwa ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kwayo. Ubani ongu-altruist - lo mbuzo waphendulwa kahle ngumfilosofi waseRussia u-V. Soloviev: ngumuntu onobunye nabanye abantu ngokuziphatha, unesithakazelo ekuhlosweni kwabo nenjabulo. Izibonelo zokuziphendulela:

• umnikelo;
• ukuzithandela (ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo, ukuhlanza imifula, ukusebenza ezindaweni zokubeletha, emkhakheni wezingozi, ezindaweni zokuhlala ezilwaneni);
• izinhlobo ezahlukene zosizo;
• ukuqondisa;
• ukuzidela (ukusindisa abanye ngendleko yokuphila komuntu siqu).

I-Altruism ku-Psychology

Injabulo nokuchuma, izithakazelo nokuphila kwabanye abantu kubaluleke kakhulu kunabo. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunomqondo wokuziphatha okusobala noma wokusiza "umuntu" ongu-altruist osiza ngokuzithandela abanye abantu kanye nokushayela okuyinhloko lapha isifiso esiqotho sokuphila kubantu ngaphandle kokulindela umvuzo wesenzo sabo. Izimbangela zokuzidela:

1. Uzwela. Uzwela lokuhlupheka kwengqondo. Ikhono lokuzibeka endaweni yomuntu ohluphekayo.
2. Yenza imizwa engathandeki, ongayilahla uma unaka ukuhlupheka kwabanye futhi ugxile ekusizeni.

I-Altruism e-Philosophy

I-Altruism ingumqondo owethulwa isazi sefilosofi saseFrance u-O. Comte ngokuphambene no-egoism. Isimiso sokuthi "baphile abanye" sathola ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ekhulwini le-XIX. ngohlaka lwefilosofi yokuziphatha futhi kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• ukuvinjelwa kwezithakazelo zomuntu ngokuqondene nabanye;
• ukuzithiba;
• Izenzo akufanele ziphule amalungelo nezidingo zabantu.

Ekhulwini lama-XX. ukuziphendulela njengento ehlelwa kabusha yizifilosofi futhi iphakanyiselwe esigabeni "sokusiza ukuziphatha", ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kokukhathalela. Abafilosofi nabaziphendukela kwemvelo bavumelana ukuthi ukuguquka kokubonakaliswa okulinganiselwe kuyinhlangano enamandla futhi ekhethiwe yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokubunjwa kwesintu kuyo yonke indawo.

I-Altruism - izinzuzo nezindleko

I-Altruism yikhwalithi edingekayo ebantwini nasekuziphendukeni komhlaba. Kodwa njengazo zonke izimo, zikhona zombili izinhlangothi ezihle nezethunzi lapha. I-Altruism ingabonwa kumongo "omnyama nomhlophe". Izimfanelo zobuntu zokuzidela nokungabi nabugovu:

• izwe liba nomusa futhi liphephile;
• impilo yesazela;
• umuzwa wenjabulo;
• ukuqiniswa emisebenzini emihle;
• inqubekela phambili nokuziphendukela komphakathi;
• ukuqaphela kwabantu kushintsho;
• ukubaluleka kokuphila kubonakala.

I-Cons of altruism:

• umqulu onobungozi wokunciphisa izithakazelo zomuntu siqu, ukuhlukumeza komuntu kuzo zonke izinzwa;
• "Ukulungiswa kwi-pedestal" - izenzo ezinhle ziqala ukwenziwa ukuze zizwe umuzwa wazo;
• ngezinye izikhathi, isenzo sokuziphendulela siphelela ngokufa.

Izinhlobo zokuzidela

Ukuziqhenya, njengento ebonakalayo, kuhlanganisa nesifiso somuntu sokuvumelana kuye kanye nemizamo yokugcizelela "ama-angles abukhali" kuleli zwe ngokusebenzisa ukubonakaliswa kozwela, umusa nokuhawukelwa ngezinye izikhathi egameni lempilo yabanye. Kodwa kubonakaliswa ngokuzimele - ukuguqulwa kubonakala kuhlukile, yingakho phakathi kochwepheshe kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuziphendulela:

1. Ukungafani, okususelwa ekuzweleni nesihawu, kuwumusa nesisusa sokuhawukela. Lolu hlobo lokuziphendulela luyisici sokusebenzisana kwabantu nobudlelwane nabantu abaseduze nabangane. Kunesidingo sokusiza ngaphandle kwemizwa yothando nothando.
2. Ukuziphatha okuhle. Isixhumanisi esiphakathi "somcibisholo ongaphakathi" womuntu unembeza nezimo zengqondo zokuziphatha, ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni kwangaphakathi ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenziwa yinoma ubani endaweni yayo. Isilinganiso sokufaneleka kwezenzo ukungabi necala nokuthula kwengqondo.
3. Ukuzidela kuyindlela ephakeme kakhulu yokuzidela , enezici ezimbili. Okuhle - ubuhle obungaphezu komuntu, okukhona lapho kunomhlatshelo kunento ebalulekile kumuntu, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphila. Ngokwehlukana kwengqondo, njengokuzizondayo, ukuguquka okunjalo kungabonakaliswa ngesignali esincane.
4. Ukuziphendulela ngokwemvelo ngumzamo womuntu wokuthola ukulinganisela phakathi kwezidingo zakhe futhi hhayi ukuphula izidingo zabanye. Izenzo ezithinta izinto zicatshangelwa ngokucophelela. I-altruist enengqondo ngumuntu ongenakuzilimaza ngokwakhe nabantu.

I-Altruist ne-philanthropist - umehluko

Imiqondo emibili ephathelene ne-altruist ne-philanthropist iyingxenye yesigaba sokuziphendulela okubangelwa ukuzwelana, kepha umsizi wothando uhamba ngaphezu kosizo lwezihlobo, futhi uhlanganisa insimu enkulu ngemisebenzi yakhe. Ama-philanthropists ngabantu abahlela ukusizwa, yibo abazinakekela ngokwabo ngokukhetha iziqu ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini noma isigaba sezakhamuzi ezingenakuvikeleka. I-altruist iyincazelo ebanzi, kuhlanganise nomqondo we "philanthropist."

Ukuphazamisa nokuzibusa

I-altruist ne-egoist yizici eziphikisanayo, kodwa konke okubonakalayo okuphambene nomuntu oyedwa, ukuphazamisa nokuziqhenya kuhlanganiswe. Igolide elisho ukuhlanganiswa okunengqondo kwalezi zimfanelo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuphenduka umhlatshelo okwedlulele noma i-egoism ephelele. Ngokuvamile lokhu akukwenzeka ngenxa yezifiso zangaphakathi, kepha ukulahlwa kwabanye. Umuntu ongaziphendulela angaguqula abe yi-egoist uma izenzo zakhe ezinhle zilahlwa ngumphakathi obona izisusa ezifihlekile ekuboniseni usizo.