Ukuthi i-agent causative yesifo sofuba i-bacterium ye-pathogenic iyaziwa abaningi. Kodwa yini le microorganism, iyadluliselwa kanjani, yiziphi izimo ezenza uzizwe ukhululekile - akuzona zonke izazi zanamuhla ezazizimpendulo zale mibuzo?
Iyini i-bacterium ye-pathogenic?
I-agent causative yesifo sofuba yinduku yesifo sofuba. I-microorganism encane enjengenduku enomzimba, efinyelela ubude ingafinyelela amamitha ayi-10. Nakuba, njengokwenziwa komkhuba, ubukhulu bebhaktheriya ngokuvamile buba kusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4 μm. Ububanzi be-Wand buyinto encane - kusuka kumamitha angu-0.2 kuya ku-0.6. I-microorganism ingaqondana noma iphike kancane. Njengomthetho, isakhiwo senduku siyifani, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyisiqu. Ukuphela kwalo kuphethwe.
I-Mycobacteria yilabo abenza i-causative agents of the sofuba futhi bangabaklasi be-schizomycetes, umndeni we-actinomycetes. Ziqukethe:
- isisindo se-cell;
- ulwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic;
- ama-mesosomes;
- i-cytoplasm;
- izinto zenuzi - i-nucleotide.
I-Mycobacterium yigama lesimanje. Ngaphambili, i-causative agent yesifo sofuba yayibizwa ngokuthi i-wand yaKoch - ngokuhlonipha usosayensi, owaqala ukuyifunda ngokuningiliziwe futhi wabonisa ukuhlanzeka kwesiko lakhe. Ukuhlola izilwane kuvunyelwe uKoch ukufakazela ukuthi uhlobo lwama-pathogen luyisifo esithathelwanayo.
I-Pathogenesis yesifo
I-bacillus yesifo sofuba isuke idluliselwa ngamaconsi. Ngokwesilinganiso, inkathi yokufaka incubation ihlala emavikini amabili kuya enyangeni. Ngokuvamile, ngokushesha nje uma amabhaktheriya engena emzimbeni, okuthiwa i-tubercle encane ye-tubercle isakhiwe ezinhlotsheni ezithintekayo. Iqukethe amangqamuzana amakhulu nama-leukocyte azungeze i-mycobacteria.
Ngokuphikiswa okuhle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, isiguli sesifo sofuba asihambanga ngaphezu kwe-tubercle. Bahlala emzimbeni, kodwa ababa nengozi. Uma ukukhukhumazeka kunobuthakathaka, izinduku ziqala ukwanda ngokushesha, futhi lesi sifo siqala.
Ukumelana nemithonya yemvelo
I-Mycobacteria yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila. Ngaphandle komzimba, bahlala isikhathi eside isikhathi eside:
- ezincwadini, amabhaktheriya ahlala ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu;
- othulini - amasonto ambalwa;
- emasimini - kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
- ekamelweni elibucayi ngokukhanya kwelanga - izinyanga eziyisihlanu;
- kwezinye ukudla - ibhotela, ushizi - cishe ngonyaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-agent causative yesifo sofuba ingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngakho, ngama degree angamashumi ayisikhombisa, i-wand iyahlala kuze kube yingxenye yehora. Ukupheka kuzokubulala i-mycobacterium kungekudala kunemizuzu emihlanu.
Ngisho namakhemikhali awakwazi ukuwunqoba njalo le microorganism. Ngakho-ke, akusizi ngalutho ukubhekana nayo ngama-alkali, ama-acids noma utshwala. Lesi simo sichazwa ukuthi i-bacterium ine-membrane eqinile kakhulu. Ukugcina kwezinto ezinamafutha nama-wax afana.
Lokho umjikelezi wesaba ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga ngempela. Ngaphansi kwe-ray ultraviolet, i-agent causative yesifo sofuba ifa phakathi nemizuzu embalwa. Futhi ekubeni ilanga, i-mycobacterium ibhujiswe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-wand kaKoch?
Kwase kuyisikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuthi alulame isifo sofuba. Amacala anzima ahlangane nanamuhla. Ukuze uchithe i-mycobacteria, udinga ukulwa isikhathi eside futhi unzima kakhulu. Isidakamizwa esisodwa sokulwa nobugebengu kuleli cala ngeke sizisize. Imithi kufanele ithathwe ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi ejwayelekile. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula okuncane, ibhethri ingahlakulela ukuzivikela emisebenzini esemqoka.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa akuvunyelwe ukuphuza utshwala nokubhema. Ukudla kwesiguli kufanele kufake inani elikhulu lezitsha zenyama, imifino, izithelo.