Ukutshala ngokuphumelelayo i-arborine ezikhusheni kukuvumela ukuba uthole izithombo ezinamandla neziphilile ezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo, okuzokwenza ngokushesha zithole izimpande emhlabathini ovulekile bese ziveza isivuno esihle kakhulu. Umsebenzi wethu usebenza kahle ekhaya, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwawo kudingeke ukuba ubonise futhi ufunde imithetho esemqoka yokunakekela izitshalo zezitshalo.
Isitshalo seqanda - izithombo ezikhulayo
Emndenini we-nightshade isitshalo seqanda sesitshalo seqanda kubhekwa njengezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu kakhulu futhi ezingenasisekelo. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla, zenziwa kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu noma zaletha izithelo ezenziwe ngomumo ezivela phesheya. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo zancipha izindlela zokuthola izithombo zeqabunga zazo, ukukhula kwezitshalo ezinempilo kulezi zitshalo ezempilo kwezomnotho kwakungabhekwa njengento engavamile.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-eggplant yokutshala izithombo
Ukulungisa ngokufanele izinto zokutshala emsebenzini, umgadi wensimu uyathuthukisa izinga lokuhluma futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamahlumela ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwezifo ezifayo. Isiqephu - ukusetshenziswa kwembewu egqamile noma enemibala yokukhiqizwa kwangaphandle. Bahamba kuzo zonke izigaba zokulungiselela emapulazini azalisayo ngisho nangaphambi kokudayiswa. Ukuqedela ukucubungula imbewu ye-isitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kufaka ukugqoka izixazululo zokubulala amagciwane, ukuhluma okukhula okukhulayo kanye nokuhluma okulandelayo.
Izinketho zokucubungula izitshalo seqanda:
- Ukufudumala imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ngamanzi afudumele (cishe ngo-52 ° C), bese uwafaka emanzini abandayo imizuzu embalwa. Isigaba sokugcina - ukuhamba ngosuku lwezinto ezibonakalayo kwisisombululo se-0.01% se-potassium humate ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Indlela elula futhi eshibhile yokukhipha imishanguzo ye-disinfactory - faka imbewu kwisixazululo se-1.5% se-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora, bese uwahlanza kahle emanzini afudumele.
- Ukutshala i-aubergine ngezimbewu kunika imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho uqala ukungena emthonjeni we-stimulator. Amalungiselelo alandelayo afanelekile: "Baikal EM1", "Novosil", "Heteroauxin", "Ideal", isisombululo sokhuni noma nitrophosks.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-aergergini kwizithombo?
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukutshala izithombo eziqinile zalesi siko se-nightshade kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-70-80. Ukukhetha isikhathi esanele sokutshala i-arborine kwizithombo, udinga ukucabangela isimo sezulu esifundeni sakho, izici ze-varietal, ukutholakala ensimini yendawo yokushisa yamafilimu noma ukushisa okushisa. Uma isivuno sikhiqizwa ebusika noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, khona-ke ngaphandle kokukhanyisa iziqukathi zezibani ngezithombo azikwazi ukuzenza. Ngaphandle kokukhanya okuncane, izitshalo ezithintekayo, ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka zikhula, zingakwazi ukuthela isivuno esihle. Kungcono ukuhlehlisa izinsuku zokutshala ekupheleni kukaMashi kunokubhubhisa izithombo ezincane.
Indlela yokutshala kahle izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda?
Emsebenzini wokutshala ama-aergergini kwizithombo, ukulungiswa kahle kwenhlabathi nokukhethwa kweziqukathi zezithombo ezikhulayo kudlala indima enkulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa substrate izakhi nge acidity of 6.0 pH kuya pH 6.7. Uma sisebenzisa izindawo zasemasimini, kufanele sifeze inhlabathi (at -15 ° C) noma siyigcobe kuhhavini. Ngokuvamile abalimi basebenzisa isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate noma enye i-fungicide ngaphambi kokutshala ukuqubuka.
Izinketho zomhlabathi zokutshala i-aergergine ezinceleni:
- Izingxenye ezimbili zomquba, 1 ingxenye ye-peat ephansi, izingxenye ezingu-0.5 ze-sawdust ehlakazekile kakhulu ne-disinfected.
- Ngama-10 amalitha omhlaba osuka ensimini sithatha izinkomishi ezingu-0.5 zokhuni, isipuni se-urea ne-potassium sulfate, isipuni se-superphosphate.
- Sisebenzisa umhlaba we-sod, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula ngokulinganisela okulinganako.
- Sithatha izingxenye ezintathu ze-turf emhlabathini, amaqabunga emhlabeni kanye nama-humus, bese ufaka 1 ingxenye ye-perlite ku-container bese uhlanganise konke kahle.
Ngakuphi ukujula okufanele sitshale ama-eggplants for izithombo?
Umhlabathi kufanele uthululwe emabhokisini awufike emgqeni, ushiye amamitha ambalwa emaceleni ebhokisini. Usuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, sichitha inhlabathi ngesisombululo sama-manganese noma i-fungicide yezimpande. I-primer kufanele ime kancane. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi, ngemva kokucindezelwa kwezandla, amanzi asuka emhlabathini ayasaphinde aqhubekele, kodwa izibani ezenziweyo aziwahlukanisi. Ukujula okukhulu kokutshala kwembewu ye-isitshalo se-isitshalo yi-1-1.5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa ngu-3-4 cm. Emgqeni, sibeka imbewu eyodwa emva kwe-1.5 cm.
Ukunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ekhaya
Lesi siko kufanele sigcinwe elangeni noma ngaphansi kwezibani okungenani amahora angu-12. Uma kungenjalo, iziqu ziyancipha, futhi izitshalo zivame ukugula. Ngemuva kokukhula, sigcina izinga lokushisa libe ngu-28 ° C. Lapho kufika amahlumela okuqala, ifilimu isusiwe emabhokisini. Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda emva kwamahlumela kuhluke kakhulu, izinga lokushisa liyancipha isonto lonke emini kuya ku-16 ° C. Lapho izithombo zonke zikhuphuka futhi zithole amandla, ungakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa ngosuku lokushisa olususwe ku-26 ° C, ngezinsuku ezinamafu - kuze kube ngu-20 ° C, ebusuku - cishe ngo-16 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo zezitshalo seqanda?
Uma i-substrate enezakhi isilungele kahle, ke ukufaka umquba izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ekhaya akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezikhethekile. Efanelekile ukumnika isikhuni sezinkuni noma i-eggshell eqoshiwe. Ukubonakala kwamakhasi amahle aluhlaza kubonisa ukudla okungenamsoco kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuholela ekutshalweni kwe-aergergine kumazithombo emhlabathini ompofu ngaphandle kwe-humus, kodwa ngesihlabathi esikhulu noma i-peat.
Zokupheka ezilula zokudla izitshalo zeqanda isitshalo seqanda:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokukhipha kwamabhanana - uthele ama-crusts amathathu wezithelo 2 amalitha amanzi abilayo bese uphakamisa izinsuku ezintathu.
- Ukuze ugqoke phezulu, hlaziya 30 g we-potassium nitrate ebhakedeni lamanzi.
- Hlanza 5 g we-saltpeter, u-15 g we-superphosphate no-10 g we-salti potassium usawoti ngamanzi.
- Sebenzisa ngokulandela iziqondiso ezilungiselelwe izimila eziyinkimbinkimbi - "Kemira-Lux", "Bioton", "Idiza enempilo" noma izifaniso zazo.
Kungani izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda ziwa?
Ngokuvamile abalimi abangenalwazi baphenduka bese bewela izithombo zezitshalo ze-eggplant ekhaya, yini okufanele zenze kulokhu ukugcina izithombo ezincane? Lezi zinkinga zibangelwa izimbangela ezihlukahlukene - izifo, ukubukeka kwezinambuzane, ukwakheka komhlabathi ompofu, ukwephulwa kombuso wokushisa noma ukuchelela okungalungile. Kudingeka sicabange zonke izinketho ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi sokubhekana nale nhlekelele futhi sivimbele ukuphindaphinda kwayo.
Ngokuvamile ukufa kwama-eggplants, i-pepper noma utamatisi kubangela umlenze omnyama - isifo esiyingozi esithinta i-collar yezimpande zehlumela elincane. Ezimweni eziningi, kwenzeka esiteji sama-2-3 amapheshana. Ama-pathogens athuthuka ngokushesha ngokuswakama okuphezulu nokuhlwanyela okugxilile. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nesibungulu esiyingozi zifaka imbewu kuma-manganese noma ekuvuseleleni amalungiselelo, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela inhlabathi nge-fungicides, ukubala noma ukuqhuma inhlabathi.
Izindlela zokususa umlenze omnyama:
- Ngokutheleleka okukhulu ngokushesha ukulahla izithombo ezinempilo esitsheni esisha.
- Engeza ama-fungicide "Fitosporin", "Maxim" noma ama-analogues etafuleni lokuthambisa.
- Ventilate amahlumela, ahlanganiswe ifilimu.
- Masisuse ngokushesha izithombo zeqanda lezitshalo ngezibonakaliso zokutheleleka.
- Ukutshala i-aubergine kulezi izithombo kufanele kuphuziswa kancane, kugweme ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
- Nisela umhlabathi ongenwe igciwane ngesitshalo esinamandla sama-manganese noma isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid.
Ukukhipha isitshalo seqanda kumbewu
Izingcingo zenziwa uma kuvela amaqabunga amabili wangempela. Izithombo eziningi zihlupheka ngale nqubo futhi zivame ukugula. Kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo ezincane ezindebe ezihlukene ngamasentimitha angu-10. Ukuze ufeze umsebenzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umsizi wezakhi ezinomsoco ngendlela efanayo yokuhlwanyela imbewu ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhetha ama-eggplants kwizithombo.
Sizama ukulimaza ubumba lobumba nezimpande. Ukwenza ngcono ukukhipha ama-eggplants amancane esitsheni, ngaphambi kokungena amanzi enhlabathini 2 amahora ngaphambi kokuqala kokusola okusolwayo. Sijulisa izithombo kuma-cotyledons, zama ukuqondisa izimpande bese uqhathanisa inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ama-eggplants ngemuva kokutshala ilanga nelishisa, sivuselela ukukhulelwa emva kwamasonto amabili.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela ama-aergergini on izithombo ngaphandle kwamakhanda?
Inqubo yokuqoqa inciphisa ukukhula kwezithombo isikhathi esithile futhi ngokuvamile iholela ekulimaleni kwezimpande zethenda. Uma unesilinganiso esincane sokutshala impahla, ungafaka ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukutshala imbewu ezinqoleni ezingu-2-3 ngamakhampu ngabanye noma kumakhasethi amakhulu. Ngemuva kwezithombo zama-eggplants, izithombo ezikhulile ngaphandle kokukhipha zikhishwa ngokucophelela ngokucophelela nangokucophelela kwezihlumela ezibuthakathaka.