Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal yisifo esiyingozi esibangela i-pathogenic microorganism Neisseria meningitidis. Ukulinganisa kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezilonda kuncike esimweni sesifo, kodwa cishe njalo ukugula kunzima futhi kungenele noma kungakapheli ukwelashwa kubhekene nomphumela ongahle.
Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kudluliselwa kanjani?
Umthombo kuphela we-pathogen ungumuntu obonisa izimpawu zesifo. Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kudluliselwa yi-aspiration. Ama-pathogenic microparticles akhishwa emvelweni ngenkathi ingxoxo, lapho ikhwehlela noma ihlambalaza, kodwa lesi sifo asakazeki ngokushesha nje nezinye izifo. Ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana okusheshayo, ikakhulu lapho kwenzeka ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kokungena kokutheleleka emzimbeni onempilo, umuntu uba ngumthwali walo. I-meningococcus ingahlala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, konke kuxhomeke ezingeni lokuzivikela kanye nokuphila. Uma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxhumana nesiguli ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele, ukutheleleka kwamadoda kuzosuswa bese kuphelelwa yisikhathi. Nakuba umuthi uyazi amacala lapho lesi sifo sabuya futhi ngemva kwe-antibiotics.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal - izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-meningococcus ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ifomu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- ukushisa okuphakeme;
- intamo eqinile;
- ukuzwela ukukhanya (kwezinye iziguli - photophobia);
- ikhanda elibi;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuqonda okuphazamisayo.
Esigabeni sokuhamba, izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, njengombuso, azikho. Uma udlula uhlolo, uzothola isithombe esicacile se- pharyngitis yamanje. Ezimweni eziphambili, i-pneumonia ingahlakulela, ehambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe- sepsis kanye ne-polyarthritis, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezithinta amalunga amancane endaweni yezandla.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal - isikhathi sokukhushulwa
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo esithathelwanayo, izimpawu ze-meningococcal aziqali ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokugxila sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-1 ukuya kwezingu-10, kepha ngokuvamile asilibali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kuyingozi ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile ngokushesha ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi isikhathi sokukhulelwa, izimpawu zalesi sifo zibikwa, isimo sesiguli sihlahloka ngokuqinile, futhi uma isikhathi singanikezwa ngosizo olufanele, konke kungaphelela emphumela wokubulala.
I-meningococcal nasopharyngitis - izimpawu
Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, inqubo yokuvuvukala isakazeka ku-nasopharynx - leyo ngxenye ye-pharynx etholakala ngenhla esibhakabhakeni esithambile futhi ingahlolwa kuphela ngosizo lwe-ENT izibuko. I-meningococcal nasopharyngitis ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ikhanda;
- intambo emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela owomile;
- ukuminyanisa kwamanzi ;
- ukuphuma emakhaleni (ezimweni ezingavamile);
- ukubuyiswa kabusha kodonga lwama-posterior pharyngeal;
- hyperplasia of follicles lymphoid.
I-meningitis ephuthumayo - izimpawu
Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal ngendlela ehlanzekile kubonakala ukungena kwamagciwane ezincane ze-pathogenic egobolondo elithambile lobuchopho. Umsebenzi wabo uholela enkundleni yokuvuvukala. I-meningitis ephuthumayo ihambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda elikhulu;
- ukushisa okuphakeme;
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa ze-cranial;
- ukudideka kokwazi;
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- i-hyperesthesia;
- ukulahlekelwa kokulalela okuyingxenye;
- izikhukhula;
- izindlu;
- ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo (ikakhulukazi ingxenye);
- i-hyperkinesis.
I-Meningococcemia - izimpawu
Lokhu kuyi-sepsis, okuyiyo, njengokubusa, eyenzeka ngezibonakaliso ze-toxicosis. Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal septic kuyinto emnene, ejwayelekile futhi enzima. Inkinga ikhula ngokuphuthumayo - izinga lokushisa kwesiguli liya kuma-degrees angu-39-40 phakathi nemizuzu embalwa. Umkhuhlane uhambisana nezinye izimpawu:
- ubuthakathaka obuthile;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukoma;
- i-pallor;
- ukuphefumula;
- izinhliziyo zomzimba;
- ukwehliswa kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuncipha kokuncipha.
Uphawu oluvamile "olukhethekile" luyisifo sokutheleleka kwamadoda. Ingavela emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuqala kwesifo. Ezimweni eziningi, izindawo zimboza izitho ezingenhla nezingezansi, izinyawo, izinyawo. Ukuqhuma nge-meningococcemia kukhulu kakhulu ekuthinteni futhi kuhamba kancane ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Ezimweni ezimbi, zingasakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Emaphethelweni okushisa okufanayo kuphenduka ama-hemorrhages amaningi anemiphetho echazwe ngokucacile, okuyinto ekubukeka kufana namabala e-cadaveric. Ebusweni bebala "thola" kakhulu kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuqala ngokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu nokucwaninga ngezici ezingase ziholele ekunqobeni. Ukuze unqume uhlobo lwesifo, kufanele uhlolisise umzimba wesiguli ngokucophelela bese uqhuba uchungechunge lwezivivinyo. Isigaba esibalulekile sokuxilongwa yisibalo sokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal. Uma umuntu esenwe igciwane, ama-pathogens azotholakala egazini lakhe. Ungathola i-meningococci ngosizo lwe:
- i-blood smear;
- I-PCR ye-cerebrospinal fluid kanye negazi;
- ukuhlaziywa komswakama we-cerebrospinal ;
- ukuhlwanyela igazi;
- smear kusuka ekhaleni.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal - ukwelashwa
Ekusola kokuqala ku-MI, umuntu kufanele adluliselwe esibhedlela ngokushesha futhi aqale ukuphulukiswa ngokuphuthumayo. Lapho kutholakala ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics weqembu le-penicillin kunqunywe ezimweni eziningi. Lawa ma-antibacterial agents abhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu ekulweni ne-causative agent yesifo. Uma i-nasopharyngitis isetshenziselwa ukugeza impumu nge-antiseptics kanye ne-vitamin therapy.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal - ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwe-prehospital
Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-meningococci kwenziwa ngabachwepheshe endaweni yokubhedlela, kepha uma isiguli sinesifo sofuba, usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe ngokushesha. Ngesimo sokushaqeka, izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic zibhekana kahle. Ukuqeda ukuxolisa ngokweqile nokuqothulwa, isisombululo seSibazone singasetshenziswa.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Meningococcal - izincomo zomtholampilo
Ukubulala ngokuphumelelayo ama-antibiotic e-meningococcal, ngakho asetshenziselwa ukulwa nokutheleleka. Nakuba umuthi uqhubeka uphuthukiswa, i-Penicillin iye yindlela yokubhubhisa inombolo ye-meningococcus 1 amashumi eminyaka. Faka it ngesilinganiso samayunithi angu 200 - 300 / kg isisindo ngosuku. Ezimweni eziningi lesi sixazululo semithi sihlukaniswe ngama-5-6 reception. I-penicillin ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly. Ngaphandle kwe-Penicillin, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze ukwelapha:
- Ampicillin;
- Ceftriaxone ;
- I-Cefotaxime.
Zonke izilinganiso zibalwa ngudokotela ozofika ngamunye, ngokucabangela izici zenyama. Uma isiguli sibhekene nokungahambisani nemithi ye-beta-lactam antibacterial, ingashintshwa yi-Chloramphenicol. Umthamo ojwayelekile uhluka kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-100 mg / kg ngosuku futhi udinga ukuhlukaniswa okungaphansi kwesithathu. Ukuze silwe namadoda ahlanzekile, i-Meropenem ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa.
Ukubhekana ne-meningococcemia kusizwa yiqoqo lezo zenzakalo:
- ukuxoshwa;
- ukujwayelekile kwe-electrolyte balance;
- ukwelashwa kwesifo;
- ukulungiswa kwe-acid-base balance;
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticosteroids.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukukuvimbela. Ukugonywa ngokumelene nokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kungcono ukuvimbela. Kuzosiza ukuvimbela hhayi kuphela iMI, kodwa futhi nayo yonke inkinga yayo, ngoba i-meningococcus ibangela izifo, njenge:
- isithuthwane ;
- isithulu;
- hemiparesis;
- i-hypertension;
- asthenia.
Umgomo wokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal akuyona kuphela isinyathelo sokuvimbela:
- Ukuze kungenwa igciwane, kuyadingeka ukugwema izindawo zokuxubana kwenani elikhulu labantu ngesikhathi sesifo.
- Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba nge vithamini complexes.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzivikela e-hypothermia ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemuva kokuxhumana nomuntu onegciwane, ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhube inkambo yokuvimbela imithi futhi uphuze i-antimeningococcal immunoglobulins.
Inoculation kusuka ekutheleleni kwe-meningococcal
Kuze kube manje, lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela ekutheleleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemigomo: i-polysaccharide ne-conjugated, efaka amaprotheni-abathwali besifo. Umuthi wokugoma we-Polysaccharide osuvela ekutheleleni kwe-meningococcal uvusa ngokushesha i-antibodies. Ukuvuselelwa kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Izijovo ezixubile zifaka ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo ye-immunological futhi zigcine ingculazi ezingeni eliyiminyaka eyishumi.
Eziklinikweni zezokwelapha, izitofu ezikhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-meningococci A ne-A + C zisetshenzisiwe. Ukujola kulawulwa ngaphansi kwesithathu kwengalo noma endaweni engaphansi kwe-scapula. Ukungavikeleki kuqala ukuthuthukisa kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu kuze kube ngolwesi-14 emva kokujola. Ungenza izijovo ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinye izigciwane, ngaphandle kwe-anti-tuberculosis nokulwa nomkhuhlane ophuzi. Ukungafani kokuya emgodini wokulwa namadoda e-meningococcus kukhona ukutheleleka okuphawulekayo nokukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheli ezikhona. Umjovo ukhanseliwe uma kunomthelela omubi kumuthi okwenziwa.