I-autism ebuntwaneni - ingxabano yengqondo eyenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho, lapho umntwana enqaba ukuxhumana nabantu abakuzungezile, ibhekwa ukuvinjelwa kwezintshisekelo nokubonakaliswa kwesenzo esifanayo. I-Autism ivela emazweni angaba ngu-4 kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, phakathi kwabafana abane-autism ebuntwaneni, abafana baningi (cishe izikhathi ezine ngaphezu kwamantombazane).
Izibonakaliso ze-autism esemncane
Ngokuvamile i-autism ye-autism ebuntwaneni ibonakala iminyaka emibili kuya kweyesi-3, kepha izimpawu ze-autism zingatholakala ngesikhathi
- kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zimi kanje:
- "i-complex revitalization", isici sezinsana, saphulwa. Umntanakho akwenzi lutho lokusabela ekuthandeni kwangaphandle: ukukhanya, umsindo wezintambo, njll, kamuva uqala ukubona abazali, ababonisi uthando;
- ingane ibheka kude, amehlo engekho;
- ukuhlukunyezwa ezinganeni kuhluke ngokujwayelekile, kungase kube khona;
- ivimbela ukuthinta kwabantu, ngisho nabazali;
- ukwenqaba ubisi lomama kungenzeka;
- kukhona ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo, inkulumo iyinhlangano engathandeki, engahambisani nemimoya;
- ukukhathazeka okwandayo ;
- kungabonwa ukukhula okusheshayo kwenkinga yekhanda.
Njengoba kuvela isidingo sokungena emphakathini, izimpawu zesifo ziba ngaphezulu, uma kungekho ukulungiswa, ukuhlukaniswa komuntu kukhula neminyaka.
Izimbangela ze-autism ebuntwaneni
Iziphetho zengcweti mayelana ne-etiology yesifo ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokucabanga mayelana nezimbangela ze-autism.
- ngokuvamile isifo sihlotshaniswa nezifo zegenesis, ngenxa yalokho ukuxhumeka kwe-synaptic ku-cortex ye-cerebral kuphukile;
- kunombono we-taratogen oxhumanisa i-autism nokubunjwa kobuchopho ngenxa yokuchayeka izinto eziyingozi nezici (ukucindezeleka, utshwala, i-nicotine, izidakamizwa, njll) ku- trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa ;
- Kucatshangwa ukuthi umsuka we-autism uthintwa yizici zemvelo kanye nesimo sengqondo esibhekene nengane.
Futhi phakathi kwezizathu ezibizwa ngokuthi ukugoma okungaphumelelanga, ukuvuselelwa kwangaphambilini kwangaphambilini kanye nezinye izinhloso ezithile, okwamanje, ezingakaqinisekiswa.
Amafomu we-autism esemncane
Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-RDA, amaqembu amane ahlukaniswa:
- Ukuqedela impi, ukungabi nalutho komphakathi.
- Ukulahlwa okusebenzayo, kuboniswe ekukhethweni okhethekile koxhumana nabo.
- Ukuthungathwa yizithakazelo ze-autistic. Ingane ikhuluma ngaso sonke isikhathi esihlokweni esifanayo, iphinda emidlalweni indaba eyodwa, njll.
- Izinkinga zokuxhumana nabanye, kubonakala ekusongeni, ukugwema ubudlelwane. Lona uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-autism yobuntwana.
Ukwelashwa kwe-autism ebuntwaneni
Ayikho imithi yokwelapha konke okuyinkimbinkimbi yokubonakaliswa kwe-autism. Ngokuvamile izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima ukuphatha ukucindezeleka. Imithi efaka i-inhalers yokuthola i-serotonin, ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka, ifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha ngokujwayelekile. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic zisiza ngokuziphatha okubi nokujabula okukhulu.
Ukuvezwa kwemithi ngabanye, ngakho kufanele banikwe isiguli kuphela eselulekweni somchwepheshe futhi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwakhe njalo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-autism esemncane
Ukuze kulungiswe izingane ze-autistic, kunemisebenzi eminingi ehlinzeka ngemfundo ekhethekile, ukwelashwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nokwelashwa kwenkulumo. Kuthuthukiswe futhi kuhle masinyane
Umphumela omuhle yi-hippotherapy (ukuxhumana namahhashi), ukwelapha ihlengethwa. Izilwane ezifuywayo zisiza ingane ukuba ithuthukise ikhono lokuxhumana. Ukunconywa kunconywa, okunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha futhi ifunda ukuvumelanisa nezinguquko emvelweni.