Kukhona iqembu lezifo ezingasungulwa kunoma yiziphi izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu. Amathumbu emathunjini noma ama-enterovirus avame ukuphazamisa izingane, lokhu kungenxa yokungavikeleki kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nokukhulelwa okuphezulu kwezifo. Isici se-pathology yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezimpawu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyihlolisisa.
Kuyini ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus?
Lesi sifo sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zamaseli we-pathogenic anezici ze-RNA noma i-DNA. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yi-enterovirus, ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kusiza. Lesi sifo singomndeni wakwaPornoviridae. Yakha iklasi ye-polioviruses, ehlanganisa amafomu ama-5 - A, B, C, D no-E. Phakathi kwazo yizigciwane ezilandelayo:
- I-Coxsackie ;
- I-ECHO;
- enteroviruses ezingenakulinganiswa.
Isici sesici seqembu elikhulunywe yizifo ukuphikiswa okuphezulu ezintweni zangaphandle ze-physicochemical. Ama-pathogens aphila kuzo zonke izimo, esebenzisa iziqephu ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, ukuqoqwa nokusabalalisa:
- umzimba womuntu;
- amanzi;
- imikhiqizo yokudla;
- inhlabathi.
Izimbangela zokungenwa kwe-Enterovirus
Amasango okungena kwesifo yizinambuzane ezimangcwaba zendlela yokugaya nokuphefumula. I-enterovirus ezinganeni kuqala ibangela ukusabela okuvuthayo kwendawo, futhi kamuva iyakhula emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Amangqamuzana e-pathogenic angakhiwa kunoma yiziphi izinhlelo kanye nezicubu futhi azinze kuwo, enza izilonda zesistimu. Uma izinyathelo zokuqala zentuthuko zembula ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuyoba lula kunokuthola ukutholakala kwesikhathi kwezempilo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, izinkinga ezinzima nezingozi ezisengozini zivame ukuvela.
Ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus kuhanjiswe kanjani?
Ukuhluka kwe-fecal-oral kubhekwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokusakaza lesi sifo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni kufinyelela emzimbeni ngokuhamba emoyeni nokuqondile (izindlela ezivela kumama ukuya kumntwana). Umthombo wesifo kungukuthi uyithwala yamaseli we-pathogenic, okubonakala sengathi ubukeka kahle enempilo, noma umuntu onezimpawu ezicacile zokunqotshwa.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterovirus - isikhathi sokufaka incubation ezinganeni
Masinyane emva kokuthola izifo eziphilayo emzimbeni wengane, azicasuli noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo, nje ziphindaphinda futhi zibuthelele emagqumeni amancane. Isilinganiso sezenzakalo zesithombe somtholampilo sihambisana nalokho okwenza ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus - isikhathi sokukhushulwa sincike kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka (ikhono lamaseli e-pathogenic ukumelana nokuzivikela komzimba);
- I-tropical (ukuthambekela kokutheleleka ukunqoba izinhlelo ezithile);
- i-serotype.
Isimo sokuzivikela sithinteka ne-enterovirus eqhubekayo ezinganeni - izimpawu zibizwa kakhulu futhi zibhekwa ngokushesha emntwaneni obuthakathaka. Izingane ezinesisindo sokuzivikela esebenzayo zibekezelela kalula lesi sifo, futhi izibonakaliso ezithile zivela kamuva. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokufakelwa ukugubha usuku luyizinsuku ezingu-2-5, imingcele ekhona ingashintsha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-10.
Ukungena kwe-entryovirus ezinganeni - izimpawu
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-pathology echazwe (cishe ngo-90%) zenzeka ngaphandle kwesithombe esitholakala emtholampilo noma zihambisane kuphela nokwanda kokushisa komzimba. Kwezinye izimo, izibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezincane ezingenabungozi. Uma ngabe i-agent ye-causative embuzweni ishukumise ukuthuthukiswa kwesilonda esibi sezingxenye ezihloswe, isithombe somtholampilo sizohambisana nesinye sezifo ezibangelwa:
- i-encephalitis;
- i-serous meningitis ;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-myo-, i-pericarditis;
- ukukhubazeka okukhulu.
Ngaphambi kwalezi zifo kubalulekile ukuba uhlole ngokucophelela bese uthola ukuthi imbangela yabo ingukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke ezintweni ezibangele ukugula. Ngaphezu kokuqeda izinqubo zokuvuvukala nokubopha izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo, ukwelashwa okuqondile kuyodingeka kuhloswe ekuqedeni amaseli we-pathogenic ngezinhlaka ze-DNA noma i-RNA eguquliwe.
Kulula ukunciphisa isimo somntwana uma ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus engeyona eyingozi kuqhubeka - izimpawu ezinjalo zihambisana nezifo ezilandelayo:
- umkhuhlane wezinsuku ezintathu ("umlomo-umlomo-umlomo");
- i-conjunctivitis ;
- i-herpangin;
- i-uveitis;
- i-pharyngitis ye-vesicular;
- i-enterovirus exanthema;
- i-syndrome enjenge-influenza;
- i-pleurodynia;
- i-gastroenteritis .
Ngenxa yokwehluka okuningi esikhathini sokutheleleka, isithombe sayo somtholampilo sibonakala nge-polymorphism:
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- isicasuli;
- ukubomvu kwamaprotheni e-iso;
- i-malaise;
- i-photophobia;
- ubuhlungu ekhanda, imisipha, umphimbo, isisu, amehlo;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- izilonda ezincane emlonyeni;
- coryza;
- iqhuma esikhumbeni kanye nezibungu ezinamanzi;
- flatulence;
- ukulila;
- i-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterovirus ezinganeni - ukuhlaselwa
Imvelo yesikhumba ebonakalayo incike esimweni sesifo esinikeziwe. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-enterovirus kuhambisana kakhulu ne-herpes, i-fever 3-day and exanthema. Ezimweni ezingavamile, yenziwa ngokumelene nesimo sezinye izifo ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zabo ezithile. Ukuhlaselwa ngokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus kungaba ngamanani amaningana, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni ngenhla:
- ama-bubbles emqaleni (aqhume futhi aphenduke izilonda);
- ama-blisters amancane ezandleni nasemilenzeni, emlonyeni naseduze nawo, eyaziwa yedwa;
- i-roseous ne-rubella-like rash (ejwayelekile ye-exanthema).
Ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus
Ukusebenza nokusheshisa kokwelashwa kuncike ekutheni ukutholakala kwesifo kufike ngesikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqala ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni kutholakala - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha kulokhu kuzoba lula kakhulu. Ukunquma ukuphika okuphathelene nomzimba, izindlela ezinhlanu zanamuhla ziyasetshenziswa:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezemvelo kokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus. Izimpawu ezicacile i-IgM ne-IgA zifihliwe egazini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunohistochemical. Indlela endala kunazo zonke, kodwa efundisa ukuxilonga. Kuqukethe ukutholakala kwama-antibodies ku-enterovirus ngenkathi kusabela kwe-neutralization.
- Ucwaningo lwama-molecular-biological. Ukuhlukaniswa kweziqephu ze-RNA noma i-DNA ukutheleleka.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamasiko. Ukuthola nokuhlonza i-pathogen ku-biomaterial (mucus, smear).
- I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ne-reverse transcription stage. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyicwaningo elibucayi kakhulu futhi esheshayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angakwazi ukunikeza ezinye izinyathelo zokuxilonga:
- igazi legazi biochemistry;
- ukuguqulwa kwamanzi;
- I-Ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi (amathegethi).
Ukungena kwe-entryovirus ezinganeni - ukwelashwa
Izindlela eziqondile zokubhekana ne-pathology echazweyo azikho. Ukuthuthukisa indlela yokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukucacisa indlela ukutheleleka kwe-entroviral okwenzeka ngayo - ukwelashwa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kwenziwa kuphela esibhedlela, futhi izinhlobo ezingekho eziyingozi zesifo zingalawulwa ekhaya. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokunciphisa isimo sezingane:
- ukuphumula kombhede;
- isiphuzo esiningi (vitaminised, efudumele);
- ukugwema ukudla;
- ukuphumula okuphezulu;
- ukuqhuma njalo, ukuhlanza;
- ukugcina umoya omanzi futhi opholile ekamelweni.
Ukungena kwe-entryovirus ezinganeni - ukwelashwa: izidakamizwa
Ukukhethwa kwemithi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngodokotela wezingane oqeqeshiwe. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokuphatha ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni:
- i-etiotropic;
- uphawu.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ukwelashwa kusiza ukuqeda i-agent causative yesifo. Imithi elwa namagciwane ephumelelayo yokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus:
- i-interferons - iViferon, iLaferobion ;
- ama-immunoglobulins angenangqondo (okungavamile ukushiwo, ukusebenza okungakaze kuboniswe);
- capsidinhibitors - Pleconaril, i-Pikovir.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibonakaliso ezivusa ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni zimisiwe - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha zihambisana njalo. Ukusimamisa isimo somntwana, okulandelayo kusebenza:
- antipyretics - i-Nurofen, i- Paracetamol;
- i-antiemetic - i-Motilium, i-Cerucal;
- ama-antihistamines - u-Erius, u-Fenistil;
- ama-enterosorbents - iSmekta, i-Enterosgel;
- ama-probiotics - i-Bififir, i-Lactovit.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterovirus ezinganeni - ukwelashwa kokushona
Ukubonakaliswa kwesithombeni kwalesi sifo ku-therapy ethile akudingi. Zizophela zodwa, ngokushesha nje lapho i-enterovirus ezinganeni isuswe ngokuphelele - ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ze-etiotropic kanye nokukhululeka kwezimpawu kusiza ukuqeda imivimbo ngokushesha. Ngisho nezilonda ezivela e-vesicles ezibhubhisa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokushiya izibazi noma ukukhwabanisa.
Ukudla uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni
Ukudla okunempilo kubhekwa njengenye yezimiso eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwezifo. Uma ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus kutholakala emntwaneni, ukudla kwayo kuhlala okufanayo - ubisi lomama noma ingxube eguquliwe. Imenyu yezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1 kufanele ikwazi ukugaya kalula futhi isebenzise ngokugcwele. Ukudla nge-infection ye-enterovirus akubandakanyi:
- imikhiqizo yokubhema;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- ama-pickle, ama-marinades;
- ukudla okunamafutha;
- izithelo eluhlaza nemifino;
- isobho lezinyama nama-broths;
- i-confectionery;
- ukupheka;
- amaju;
- imikhiqizo yobisi.
Kunconyiwe:
- inyama yokupheka yokudla;
- i-porridge yamanzi emanzini;
- imifino ebilisiwe;
- isobho esinomzimba;
- i-compotes;
- uzvar;
- amakhukhi e-biscuit;
- iziphuzo zezithelo;
- ama-herbal teas.
Ukungena kwe-Enterovirus - izinkinga
Lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi siholela emiphumeleni eyingozi futhi esongela ukuphila. I-enterovirus enganeni yobuntana ingabangela ukwephulwa okukhulu komzimba nomzimba wokuphefumula. Ezimweni ezikude, lokhu kubhekene nemiphumela ebulalayo. Ngokuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi yokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni ezikhulile - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okungagunyaziwe ngesikhathi esifanele, zibukeke:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-orchitis;
- inhliziyo, ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
- ukukhubazeka okungapheli kwendlela yokuphefumula;
- i-edema yobuchopho;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- isithuthwane;
- i-pneumonia.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus ezinganeni
Izindlela eziqondile zokuvimbela ukutheleleka azikho okwamanje, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwemigomo kuyaqhubeka. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus kukuqinisa ukuzivikela njalo. Ngenkathi yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwezixazululo ze-leukocyte interferon kanye ne-immunoglobulin Kunconywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bezingane bazisa njalo abazali babo nge-infection ye-enterovirus ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa owaziwa kusengaphambili kungavimbela ukutheleleka noma ukuqala ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokushesha.
Ukuvimbela okungavamile:
- ukunamathela emithethweni yokuhlanzeka;
- ukuqina;
- ukudla okulinganiselayo;
- ukuhamba njalo nokuzivocavoca;
- ukunciphisa othintana nabo nabantu abangagula.