Ukulima kwegalikhi ensimini kuyinto evamile kubalimi. Lesi siko semifino esingenamahloni siyadingeka phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene emhlabeni, kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuphekeni nasemithi. I-garlic inamavithamini amaningi, ama-microelements, amafutha abalulekile, okubangela ukunambitheka okuqondile.
Izinhlobo zikagalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izindlela zokulima kanye nesikhathi sokutshala zisenza sihlukanise izinhlobo zegalikhi zibe ngamaqembu amabili-
- izitshalo zasebusika;
- entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zitshalwe inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu ebanda, zinamakhanda amakhulu, ukuphila okufingqiwe okufushane, ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Izinhlobo ezibandwa kakhulu zasebusika ziyi:
- Izinyo ezincane. Amakhanda amakhulu, isivuno esicebile.
- Alkor. Ubukhulu besilinganiso se-bulb enezikali zobomvana nezibomvu.
- Lyubasha. Izindwangu eziphakeme kanye nama-big flattenten.
- Herman. Ubude besikhathi eside, izinhloko eziphakathi.
- Umphulukisi. Kuhle ukubekezelela ukuhamba, akudubuli, izinhloko zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezingafika ku-16.
Izinhlobo zasentwasahlobo zihlukaniswa nokuntuleka kwemicibisholo, isikhathi sokutshala, ubukhulu bezinhloko kanye nobude bokugcina. Etshalwe u-garlic entwasahlobo entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, isivuno sivunwa kamuva. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zasebusika, izinhlobo zentsuku zentwasahlobo zinamakhanda amancane angahle agcinwe ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Eyaziwayo phakathi kwabalimi beloli ngemuva kwezinhlobo zegrikhi ezinhlobo zonyaka:
- I-Moscow. Ngokungafani nhlobo nabalingani babo abanezinhloko ezinkulu ezimhlophe.
- I-Gulliver. Unamakhanda aphihliwe amancane, angagcinwa cishe izinyanga ezingu-8.
- Victorio. Ubukhulu obuphakathi, nxazonke, amakhanda amhlophe anamazinyo aphuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukutshala igalikhi endaweni evulekile
Ukuhlakulela igalikhi kusuka emculweni akunakwenzeka, ngoba imifino iyandisa kuphela izitshalo - amazinyo noma ama-air. Lezi zinsuku ziyizinhloko ezinezinhlayiyana ezincane, ezikhula emcibisholo. Womabili amazinyo nama-bulb kungaba yinto yokutshala ebeka ngaphambi kokulungiselela, isikhathi sokutshala nomjikelezo okhulayo. Isivuno sokuqala sama-bulb siyizinhloko kuzinyo elilodwa, okuhloswe ukutshala okulandelayo.
Indlela yokutshala igalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ukutshala kahle kwegalikhi kusho ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe. Umgomo oyinhloko womlimi wensimu ukukhetha isayithi. I-garlic ingcono kakhulu:
- indawo enelanga;
- umhlabathi ovundile, ogcwele izinto eziphilayo;
- ukutshala kangcono imifino ensimini, lapho ama-legumes, amazambane, iklabishi ekhula;
- Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu u-garlic bazoba yi-strawberries, ama-strawberries, ama-currants, i-gooseberries.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kusayithi kufanele wenziwe kusengaphambili:
- Ekwindla kufanele kuguqulwe futhi kuhlanganiswe ;
- Ngentwasahlobo (ngezinhlobo zasentwasahlobo), amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, umbhede kufanele uphinde uhlwetshwe futhi ukhulelwe - i-humus, i-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium;
- inhlabathi e-acididi kumele ihambisane ne-lime, ufulawa wama dolomite.
Ukulima kwegalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile kuzonikeza imiphumela efanelekile, uma kwenzeka izinto zokutshala zifaneleka futhi zilungiselelwe:
- Ukutshala ukhethe amakhanda aphezulu, kungekho zibonakaliso zokutheleleka;
- amazinyo ahlukaniswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke amadokodo angenhla asuswa;
- Ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal, ama-denticles ahlanganiswe kwisisombululo se- "Phytosporin" noma i-manganese - ukukhetha.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala igalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Isikhathi sokutshala igalikhi sinqunywa yizinhlobonhlobo:
- Kubalulekile ukubeka i-garlic yasebusika inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Ngalesi sikhathi amazinyo azogxila, futhi umthamo ohlaza ngeke ube nesikhathi sokukhula.
- Ukufika kwe-garlic entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngoba umsebenzi awukwazi ukulinda ukushisa okugcwele kwenhlabathi).
- Ama-air wezinhlobo zasebusika atshalwa, njengamazinyo.
Ukulima kwegalikhi ezweni - isimu sokufika
Ubuchwepheshe bokugaya igalikhi kunikeza uhlelo olujwayelekile lokutshala zonke izinhlobo:
- phakathi kwemigqa - 20-25 cm;
- amazinyo atholakala kude no 8-10 cm;
- ukujula kwezinyo ngayinye ku-5 cm;
- emva kokutshala umbhede wenziwa futhi uhlanganiswe;
- lapho etshalwe ebusika - ingadi igcwele amagatsha noma amaqabunga awile.
Ukunakekela igalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulima nokunakekela igalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile kuncishiswe ukufaka umanyolo okufika ngesikhathi, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokuphuza njalo. Ungaqala ukukhulula inhlabathi ema-aisles ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu angu-2-3, bese inqubo iphindaphindwa emva kokunisela ngamunye. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo, isiko semifino sidinga ubuningi bomswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho akufanelekile ukubala ngesitshalo esicebile. Udinga i-garlic nokugqoka phezulu - i-nitrogen esigabeni sokuqala, ne-phosphoric-potash ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Kulungile kanjani ukuwagcoba amanzi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ukungabi nomswakama - kuyingozi kwagalikhi, ezimweni ezinjalo amakhanda akhiwa kabi kakhulu futhi ayeke nakancane ekukhuleni. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuthi ungamanzi kanjani igalikhi ensimini udinga ukucubungula okuningiliziwe. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho amazinyo eqala ukunikeza amahlumela okuqala esitshalweni, usuvele usawasebenzisa. Uma kungekho imvula, kubalulekile ukugcoba inhlabathi ngobuningi kanye ngesonto (ngesilinganiso sama-10 amalitha ngamunye). Ehlobo, njengoba ukuvuthwa kwemifino, ukuchelela kunciphisa futhi izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokuvuna kumisiwe ngokuphelele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwegalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulima kwegalikhi kusho ukungeza ukudla. Isicelo sokuqala sama-fertilizer (humus) siwela esigabeni sama-2-3 amapheshana. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amahlamvu ahlanjululwa ngesisombululo se- urea (ngesilinganiso se-litre elilodwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, isisombululo se-nitrofoss (2 wezipuni ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) sengeziwe. Ehlobo, kufanele kuvinjelwe ukufaka umanyolo nge-nitrogen fertilizer - ngoJuni isitshalo sizophendula kahle ekuphuzeni isisombululo se-superphosphate (2 wezipuni ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi).
I-garlic - izifo nezinambuzane ngesikhathi sokulima
Amaqabunga aphuzi egalikhi uma ekhulile ngaphandle kwesibonakaliso sibonakaliso esicacile sesifo (uma kungakabi isikhathi sokuvuna). Izifo ezivame kakhulu zemifino kanye nezinambuzane zayo:
- i-fusariosis;
- ukubola kwebhaktheriya;
- isikhunta esimnyama;
- i-anyanisi fly;
- stem nematode.
Ukulwa nokutheleleka kwe-fungal kungaba ngemithi ekhethekile (Bordeaux fluid, Fitosporin). Kodwa akuzona njalo ama-fungicide enikeza umphumela oyifunayo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela kahle, ukucubungula nokukhetha imbewu. Ukulima kwegalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile ngemithetho, kusho ukulwa nezilokazane. Amaqabunga abathintekayo izimpungushe abonisa ngokucacile umsebenzi we-anyanisi fly. Ukuze ususe, ungasula umthamo obuluhlaza nge-saline.