Isikhumba esinye sezibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu zokungezwani komzimba ezinganeni zeminyaka ehlukene. Isizathu saso silula: kungukungenisa i-allergen ibe yi-membrane yamangqamuzana, ukukhululwa kwama-immunoglobulin ethize kumaseli omzimba omzimba (histamine, bradykinin). Laba bameli basebenza ezindongeni zemithanjeni yegazi bese bangela ukwanda kwendlevu yayo, ebonakaliswa yi-mucosal edema, i-noseny ne-urticaria, futhi ithinte nemisipha ebushelelezi yomuthi we-bronchial, okwenza kube lula. Nansi inhlanganisela ye-edema ye-mucosa yendlela yokuphefumula kanye ne-spasm yayo futhi isusa ukuhlaselwa kokukhwehlela komzimba kwengane . Okulandelayo, sizocabangela ukuthi yini ebangelwa ukukhwehlela komzimba emntwaneni kanye nokuphathwa kwakhe okuqondile.
Indlela yokukhulula ukukhwehlela komzimba ingane?
Indlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokubhekana nokukhwehlela komzimba ukukhipha i-allergen. Ungazama ukuyichaza wena futhi uyifake, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uphendukele kubachwepheshe ukuze uthole usizo. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke ziyizidakamizwa zendlu (izidakamizwa ezinothuli ezingahlala emithonjeni yezinsizi), izinwele zezilwane, ukuqhakaza kwe-ragweed. Uma ngabe kukhona okushiwo ngenhla kwenzeka, kufanele uyilahle. Buza abangani ukuba banakekele isilwane sabo, ngokuvamile bahlanza imanzi endlini yabo, bashintshe imithwalo yezinsizi ukuze baphathe, futhi balwe nokhula eduze kwendlu.
Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukukhwehlela okweqile ezinganeni
Kulezi zidakamizwa, ama-antihistamines asetshenziswa kakhulu, anikezelwe kuze kube yiminyaka engu-6 emaconsi akhethekile (uFenistil, uClaritin), nangemva kweminyaka engu-6 ezibhebheni (Cetrin, Tavegil). Ukulungiswa kwaleli qembu kunomsebenzi ophezulu wokukhwehlela okweqile kubantwana, kodwa kungabangela ukulala nokuvimbela.
Uma ingane inekhwehlela yokugula, udokotela okwazi kahle uzoqoka iziguli ezincane (Enterosgel, Polysorb ). Ngezimo ezinzima zokukhwehlela okweqile (okufana ne-asthmatic), udokotela angase ancoma ukuthi enze amaphilisi ukuze kutholakale ukuhlaselwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga i-inhaler ekhethekile ekhemisi, lapho ungafaka khona ama-bronchodilators noma ama-hormone.
Njengombana sibona, ukukhwehlela komntwana emntwaneni kunenkinga enkulu emndenini wonke, begodu okubaluleke khulu kudinga indlela ehlanganisiwe yokwelapha. Uma ungashintshi indlela yokuphila kwengane futhi ungaqedi i-allergen, noma yikuphi imithi engeke ibe namandla.