Emlandweni womcabango womuntu igama elithi dualism lisho izincazelo eziningana. It isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila: kwengqondo, ifilosofi, inkolo, njll. Ngomqondo ovamile, lokhu kuyimfundiso evumelana nokuqala okungafani, okungafani okufanayo, ama-polarities.
Iyini i-dualism?
Ngomqondo obanzi, ukuguguguquka ukuhlangana kwemigomo emibili ehlukene, ukubuka umhlaba , izifiso nezinye izindawo zokuphila. Leli gama lavela ngegama lesiLatini elithi dualis - "elibili", lisetshenziswe okokuqala ekhulwini le-16 futhi lihlobene nokuphikiswa okungokwenkolo kokuhle nokubi. USathane neNkosi, ngokubuka imibono yezwe, babizwa bilingana futhi baphakade. Isimiso esiyinhloko sobuqambi obungasese asisebenzi kuphela enkolweni, kubandakanya ukuvuma ukuthi kukhona ukuphikiswa okuyisisekelo okubili. Zinezici ezilandelayo:
- ukugeleza kusuka endaweni eyodwa;
- hlanganisa;
- kuthinta omunye nomunye,
- Ungashintshi isakhiwo.
Ukuhlukumezeka kwefilosofi
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwefilosofi kuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo esisekelwe embonweni wezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ekuqondeni abantu noma ngokwemithetho yenyama, konke okusemhlabeni kunokuhlukile. Ifilosofi kwakuyisayensi yokuqala eyabona "ubumbano" emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Izinto ezidingekayo zokuvela kwale ncazelo zingabhekwa njengencazelo yamazwe amabili kaPlato - okuyiqiniso kanye nemibono. Abalandeli be-thinker yasendulo babiza "ukuphikisa" kwabo:
- I-R. Descartes wayengomunye wabalandeli abadumile kakhulu esikhundleni se-dualistic. Njengoba ehlukaniswe ekucabangeni nasezintweni eziningi.
- Usosayensi waseJalimane uHolf wachaza abalingiswa njengoba abantu bevuma ukuthi kukhona izinto ezimbili: izinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya.
- Umlandeli wakhe uM. Mendelssohn wabiza ngokuthi ingokwenyama kanye nokomoya.
Ukuhlukumezeka enkolweni
Inkolo ichaza ngokucacile ukuba khona kwemigomo emibili elinganayo, eqhubeka yonke into. Umoya omubi uvame ukuphikisana noNkulunkulu, futhi balingana namalungelo. Ubuqambi obungokwenkolo bungabonakala kuzo zonke izinkolo zasendulo nezinkolelo zendabuko:
- I-Zoroastrianism yasePheresiya Yamandulo - inkolo yokuzikhethela kokuzikhethela;
- imfundiso yaseChina yeYin neYang ;
- UbuKristu (ukulwa kukaDeveli neNkosi);
- amanye ama-currents ophikisayo;
- UbuJuda nobukholo bayo ezinhlanganweni zamademoni;
- Umbono wamaSulumane wezwe ngokuthi "indlu kaNkulunkulu" futhi "ikhaya lempi", njll.
Ukuhlukunyezwa - Psychology
Emakhulwini eminyaka, isayensi ye-psychology icabangela ukusebenzisana kwengqondo yomuntu nomzimba wakhe. Ukungezwani akupheli namhlanje. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kobuqili kuyisimo sokusebenza kwengqondo. Imfundiso yakhelwe ekuphikisweni kokuqonda kanye nobuchopho, ekhona ngokuzimela, futhi ehluke no-monism - umqondo wobunye bomphefumulo nomzimba. I-Descartes 'theory of izinto ezimbili ezilinganayo yanikeza inkolelo yokufanisana kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo njengesayensi ezimele.
Dualism - Socionics
Ekhulwini lama-20, umqondo wezifo zengqondo waseSwitzerland uCarl Jung wethula umqondo "wemisebenzi yengqondo" engqondweni. Lezi zici zezinqubo zomuntu ngamunye, ezithi, ngokuya kohlobo lomuntu, zikhona kumuntu. Ubungqingili bukaJung wukuthi wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi ukudala, uyingxenye-ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ezidabukisayo, kodwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo zisebenza ngokwemvelo:
- ukucabanga;
- ukuzwa;
- inzwa;
- intuition.
Ezimfundisweni zengqondo, izimiso "zobumbano" zihunyushwa ngendlela ethakazelisayo, futhi umqondo wezinhlobo zobuntu ezitholakala kuzo kuthiwa yizenhlalo. Okwamanje isayense ibheka umqondo we "ubudlelwane obubili", lapho bobabili abalingani bathwala izinhlobo ezihambisanayo zobuntu. Lokhu kungaba umshado, ubungane kanye nezinye ubudlelwane. Omunye oyedwa uhambisana nokusebenza kwengqondo nomunye, ubuhlobo bawo buhle.
Ukuhlukumezeka - "ngenxa" futhi "ngokumelene"
Njenganoma yikuphi ukufundisa, ubuqambi bobuqili banabalandeli nabamelene nabo abangawamukeli futhi bawuphikise le mbono, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekubukeni komuntu. Ekuvikeleni kunikezwa imibono ngomphefumulo, okuwukuthi emva kokufa komzimba, uhlangabezana nakho konke emhlabeni. Futhi, izingxabano ezithandwayo kulo mqondo zingase zibe ukungaqondakali kwezakhi ezithile kanye nezimo ezingahle zichazwe umlingiswa ongokwemvelo wengqondo yomuntu. Ukugxeka ubuqili beqiniso kuboniswa ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukulula kombuzo obhekwayo kanye nezigwebo mayelana nomoya nomzimba. Abathandi bezinto ezibonakalayo bakholelwa kuphela kulokho abakubonayo.
- Ukungabi nencazelo kanye nobufakazi.
- Ukuthembela ngokweqile kwamakhono engqondo emsebenzini womqondo.
Ukuze uqonde umhlaba, kuvamile ukuba nezikhundla eziningana ezihlukene, ngisho nokuphambene ngokuphambene. Kodwa ukuqashelwa kokubili kwezinto ezithile endaweni yonke kunengqondo. Amaphesenti amabili womuntu oyedwa - okuhle nokubi, indoda nowesifazane, ingqondo nendaba, ukukhanya nobumnyama - yingxenye yonke. Abaphikisi, kodwa ukuphikisana futhi baxhasane.