Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna

Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintsha, uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nase-USSR yangaphambili lenze izinguquko ngenxa yenqubo ye-Bologna. Isiqalo esisemthethweni sokuthi uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna lukhona usuku lwangoJulayi 19, 1999, lapho abameli abavela emazweni angu-29 basayina iSimemezelo se-Bologna. Namuhla, ukushintshela ohlelweni lwe-Bologna kwavunyelwa amazwe angu-47, waba yingxenye yalolu hlelo.

Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna luhlose ukuletha imfundo ephakeme kumazinga ahlanganisiwe, ukwakha isikhala semfundo evamile. Kusobala ukuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa ezizimele zihlale ziba yisithiyo kubafundi nasezifundweni zemfundo ephakeme, ekuthuthukiseni isayensi esifundeni saseYurophu.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-Bologna Process

1. Ukwethulwa kwesimiso se-diplomas efana, ukuze bonke abaqeqeshwayo emazweni abambe iqhaza babe nezimo ezilinganayo zokuqashwa.
2. Ukudalwa kwesimiso sezinga ezimbili semfundo ephakeme. Izinga lokuqala liyiminyaka engu-3-4 yokutadisha, ngenxa yalokho umfundi athola idiploma yemfundo ephakeme jikelele kanye ne-bachelor degree. Izinga lesibili (akuphoqelekile) - kungakapheli iminyaka engu-1-2 umfundi ufunda ngokukhethekile, njengoba umphumela uthola i-master degree. Ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, umqashi noma inkosi , uhlala kumfundi. Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna luchaze izinyathelo ezicatshangelwa izidingo zemakethe yezabasebenzi. Umfundi unelungelo lokuzikhethela - ukuqala ukusebenza emva kweminyaka emine noma uqhubeke nokuqeqesha futhi ahlanganyele emisebenzini yesayensi kanye nocwaningo.
3. Isingeniso kumayunivesithi "amayunithi okulinganisa" kwemfundo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokudluliselwa nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu (ECTS). Uhlelo lwe-Bologna lokuhlola luye lwaba khona kulo lonke uhlelo lwezemfundo. Isikweletu esisodwa siyisilinganiso samahora angu-25 okucwaninga asetshenziselwa izinkulumo, ukutadisha okuzimele kwendaba, ukudlulisa izivivinyo. Ngokuvamile emavesiteji isimiso senziwa ngendlela yokuthi semester kwakukhona ithuba lokugcina izikweletu ezingu-30. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabafundi ema-Olympiads, izingqungquthela ibalwa ngamakhredithi engeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umfundi angathola i-bachelor degree, abe namahora angama-180-240 esikweletu, ne-degree master, athole amanye ama-credits angu-60-120.
4. Uhlelo lwezikweletu lunikeza abafundi kuqala inkululeko yokuhamba. Njengoba uhlelo lwe-Bologna lokuhlola ulwazi oluzuziwe luqondakala kuzo zonke izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme emazweni athatha iqhaza, ukudluliselwa kwesinye isikhungo kuya kwenye ngeke kube yinkinga. Ngendlela, uhlelo lwezikweletu alukhathazi abafundi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabafundisi. Isibonelo, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe elihlobene nehlelo le-Bologna ngeke kuthinte isipiliyoni, yonke iminyaka yomsebenzi esifundeni izobalwa futhi iqinisekiswe.

Izinzuzo nezingozi zenqubo ye-Bologna

Umbuzo wezenzo nezingozi zenqubo yezemfundo yaseBolace ivela emhlabeni jikelele. I-America, naphezu kwesithakazelo sayo esikhaleni esisodwa semfundo, asikaze ibe yinkampani inqubo ngenxa yokunganeliseki ohlelweni lwemali mboleko. E-US, ukuhlolwa kusekelwe enombolweni enkulu kakhulu yezici, futhi ukulula kwesistimu akuhambisani namaMelika. Ukuhluleka okuthile kwe-Bologna uhlelo kubonakala nakwesikhala seSoviet. Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna eRussia lwamukelwa ngo-2003, eminyakeni emibili kamuva uhlelo lwezemfundo lwe-Bologna e-Ukraine lwaba yingqikithi. Okokuqala, kulawa mazwe i-bachelor's degree ayibonakali njengento egcwele, abaqashi abakasheshisi ukubambisana nabachwepheshe "abangenakuqhathaniswa" . Okwesibili, lokhu kuhlanganise nokuhamba komfundi, ikhono lokuhamba nokufunda kwamanye amazwe ukuze iningi labafundi lihlobene, ngoba lihilela izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali.