Ngokuvamile ezingxoxweni zabantu ongazizwa "Kuhle nolaka!" Noma "Bheka, lokhu ukufutheka kwangempela!". Kusukela kumongo wengxoxo kucacile ukuthi ngale ncazelo abantu bavame ukubiza abesifazane abanjalo, ngokuthukuthela okudabukisayo, abakwazi ukubhubhisa yonke into endleleni yabo, kufaka phakathi izithiyo ezihlukahlukene, futhi kungcono ukungabi ngaphansi kwesandla sabo esishisayo ngezikhathi ezinjalo.
AmaFury - ngubani lo?
Unkulunkulukazi, ohlukaniswa ukuqhuma okukhulu, ukufutheka okungenakuphikiswa - yilokho othukuthele kangaka. Incazelo yegama yenza kucace ukuthi livela kwi-Latin Furiae, i-furire, okusho ukuthi "ukuqhuma, intukuthelo." Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso abantu badinga okubi, besabeka ngokufutheka kwabo nokuphindisela kwabesifazane - emva kwakho konke, kwakuyizidalwa zowesifazane, hhayi ubulili besilisa, owafakazela isijeziso esibi ngenxa yezono ezenzile.
Amafriji emlandweni
Lezi zidalwa zafika kithi ezivela emlandisweni wasendulo wamaRoma, futhi amaRoma ababoleka kumaGreki, abiza ukufutheka u-Erinium, futhi kamuva u-Eumenides. Futhi, uma amaRoma asebukhosini - onkulunkulukazi beempindiselo, khona-ke ukuhumusha okungokoqobo okuvela kuGreki kunika incazelo ehluke kakhulu - inhlonipho, inesihe. Ukungafani okunjalo kwavela kuphi ekuqokweni kwalo mqondo?
Amafomu emlandweni wamaRoma
Ukuhlukumeza, ukubulala igazi, ukungenakucabangela, ukungalokothi uphumule izidalwa ezimbi ezinobuso begazi, njalo ziphishekela umuntu owenze isenzo esingenakuthethelelwa - yikuphi ukufutheka emlandweni wamaRoma. Njengoba amaRoma ayeboleka wonke amaqembu angamaGreki avela kumaGreki cishe ngokoqobo, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokungena ebuqilimeni nasezinkambisweni zemininingwane kanye nezincazelo, amafriji anikezwe imisebenzi efanayo kanye nezici zabalingiswa amaGreki asendulo ayebelwe wona. Kamuva behleka usulu ukukholelwa kukaNkulunkulu amaRoma amaFury, kanye nalabo abaphila nabo, babiza abesifazane ababalekela ekuthukutheleni okufuthekayo.
Amafayili emlandweni wesiGreki
Kodwa phakathi kwamaGreki asendulo, u-Erinnia ongalindelekanga wavela eumenides, efaka inkantolo enobulungisa nokungakhethi. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zamaGrisi, onkulunkulukazi bokuziphindiselela bazalwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kobugebengu bobufebe bokuqala - lapho uKronos, onqume ukuthatha umbuso, wabulala u-Uranus ubaba wakhe emanzini egazi lalo, kanti i-eumenides yavela. Ekuqaleni, amaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi baningi kakhulu kubo - kwaze kwaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu, kodwa u-Aeschylus ezinhluphekweni zakhe waletha kuphela uTisiphon amathathu kuphela (hhayi ukukhathala ukuphindiselela), u-Alekto (ongakwazi ukuthethelela) no-Meger (ububi obubi).
Owesifazanekazi, abahlale benxuse ukuphindisela ukubulala - yiwona amafriji aseGrisi Yamandulo. U-Pallas Athena wancenga u-Erinius ukuba ahlale phakade eGrisi lasendulo, eqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zaziyozihlonipha, njengonkulunkulukazi abahlonishwa kakhulu, no-Erynia baphenduka. Kamuva bafanisa ukulingwa okuqinile nokungakhethi kwabantu abasolwa ngezenzo ezimbi futhi babizwa ngokuthi i-eumenides (inhlonipho, inesihe). Ngokuvamile u-Aeschylus wawabona noMoira, unkulunkulukazi wekusasa.
Yini amafrida abukeka?
Abesabekayo besifazane abadala abanenwele ezinjengezinyoka, amazinyo abhekwayo futhi bendluliselwa kumuntu onecala ngezandla ezihlanziwe - yilokho okushiwo amafriji emlandweni wasendulo weGrisi, futhi empeleni, impindiselo nokulwela ukubulala ngeke kubonakale kujabulisa, owesifazane okhweleyo akayena mnene futhi wesifazane, ngakho lezi zithombe ziyabuyisa, zikhuthaze ukwesaba nokwenyanya. Uma bethi othile uziphatha njengokufutheka, empilweni yansuku zonke, abantu abathandanga ukunikeza lezi zici ezinhle.
Owesifazane othukuthele, njengomthetho, umuntu ongazi ukuthi aziphathe kanjani ezandleni, ehlisa yonke imizwelo yakhe emibi kulabo abakuzungezile, ebhubhisa konke endleleni yakhe ngokungakhethi. Empeleni, ekuqondeni kwethu kwamanje, lokhu kuyimvelo. Futhi i-hysteria iyinkinga yengqondo, futhi amaGreki namaRoma asendulo ayesazi ngakho. UPlato wabiza i-hysteria "ama-rabies wesibeletho." Kubonakala sengathi laba besifazane abathandeki kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe inkulumo ephiko ngamaphiko "ngokungazelelwe yaba intukuthelo", lapho owesifazane obonakala sengathi wangaphandle wangena ngokuzumayo wangena emotweni yakhe evuthayo.