Ukunyakaza kwamakhosikazi kwavela ekhulwini le-18, futhi kwakusebenza kakhulu kuphela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isizathu salokho kwaba ukunganeliseki kwabesifazane abanezikhundla zabo, ukubusa kobukhohlakali kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Njengabesifazane besifazane - funda kulesi sihloko.
Kuyini okusho ukuthi "abesifazane" basho nokuthi benzelani?
Bazibophelele ekufezeni ukulingana kwamalungelo ezomnotho, ezombangazwe, ezomuntu kanye nezenhlalakahle kubantu besifazane. Uma sithi labo besifazane abanamazwi alula, ke laba besifazane abafisa ukulingana namadoda kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Futhi nakuba izimfuno zabo ikakhulukazi ziphathelene namalungelo abesifazane, ziphinde zikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwabantu, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi ubuzwe babantu bulimaza ubulili obuqinile. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izidingo zokulingana zaphakanyiswa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezokuzimela e-United States, kanti owokuqala owabeka obala inkulumo kwakungu-Abigail Smith Adams. Kamuva, amakilabhu ezombusazwe, izinhlangano zezombusazwe kanye nezincwadi ezishicilelwe zaqala ukuvela.
Kodwa-ke, indlela yokunyakaza kwabesifazane yayinameva futhi ikhulile. Abesifazane isikhathi eside benqabe ukuvota, benqabe ukuvela emihlanganweni yezombusazwe nasezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi ngaphakathi kwezindonga zendlu bahlala bezithoba ngokugcwele kumyeni wakhe. Ukunyakaza okuhleliwe kwavela ngo-1848 futhi kusukela ekubunjweni kwayo kuye kwaba namagagasi amathathu yentuthuko:
- Umphumela wemisebenzi yabesifazane besifazane bokuqala kanye nenhlangano yesifazane yasekuqaleni kuye kwaba ngcono kwezinye isimo sabafazi. Ikakhulukazi, iPhalamende laseNgisi lawavumela ukuba bavote ukhetho lwendawo. Kamuva leli lungelo lanikezwa abaseMelika. Amakhosikazi ahloniphekile ngaleso sikhathi abandakanya u-Emmeline Pankhurst, uLucretia Mott.
- I-wave yesibili yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80. Futhi uma owokuqala ethinteka ngamalungelo okukhethwa kwabesifazane, lokhu kwagxila kuwo wonke ama-nuances okulingana kwezomthetho nezenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane basebenzela ukuqedwa kobandlululo njengalokhu. Abaqaphi abaziwa ngaleso sikhathi bahlanganisa uBetty Friedan, uSimone de Beauvoir.
- Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, i-wave of feminism yavela e-United States. Amalungelo ahlobene nobulili afika phambili. Abesifazane babizwa ukuba bayeke ukuqonda ukulingana kwabantu besifazane njengendlela ejwayelekile kanye nokujwayelekile futhi bahloniphe ubulili njengethuluzi lokukhululwa. Amakhosikazi ahlonishwayo ngaleso sikhathi - uGloria Ansaldua, Audrey Lord.
Ukunyakaza kwabantu
Lokhu kuhamba kuye kwaba nethonya elikhulu emphakathini, ezenhlalakahle, ezenzweni zemvelo, yonke impilo yomphakathi wonke. Abesifazane besimanje babheka ubulili hhayi njengenhlangano yemvelo, kodwa njengomakhi wezepolitiki, okuvumela ukugcina ubuhlobo bamandla phakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abathintekayo baphikisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezinjalo zokucindezela njengobandlululo, ubulili, ubuzwe obudala, ubuholi bezimali kanye nabanye bahlala kulo lonke umphakathi, babulala zonke izikhungo zomphakathi, ukuqinisa nokusekela.
Abavukuzi bamalungelo omama bagxeka ifilosofi yesimanje, isayensi nezincwadi, uma zidalwe kusukela ekubukeni kwamadoda anelungelo lomphakathi. Bafuna inkhulumomphendvulwano yezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye namafomu kolwazi olwenziwe ngabantu abavela ezikhundleni ezahlukene zezentando yabantu. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhamba kwaba nemiphumela emibi. Namuhla, abesifazane besifazane abavame ukwesaba, kunokuba balwe amalungelo abo. Bazibophezela esidlangalaleni okhalweni, behlela imibhikisho ephikisana nohulumeni futhi babonakala njengamantombazane akhathazekile abangenandaba nanoma yini, kodwa nje ukuphikisana. Ukuzwa ukugcwala kwamathuba okuvula, abanye besifazane bahlukumezeka futhi bayazi ukuthi ezimweni ezintsha ziba nzima ukuba umkami nomama omuhle .