Izinga lokuzala, elibizwa nangokuthi izinga lokuzala lokukhula, yisilinganiso esilungile kakhulu sokuzalwa kwesifunda esifundeni noma ezweni. Ihlukanisa inani elilinganiselwe lokubelethwa okungenzeka kuwo wonke owesifazane oneminyaka yobudala bokuzala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinto zangaphandle nokufa. Izinga lokuzala libonisa izinguquko ezingenzeka emkhakheni wabantu wezwe.
Ifomula yesilinganiso sokuzala
Ukubala izinga lokuzala, inani labantwana abazalwa ngesikhathi esifanele kufanele lihlukaniswe ngenani labesifazane abaneminyaka engu-15-49 (iminyaka yobudala) futhi banda ngo-1000. Izinga lokuzala libalwe ngamaphim (‰).
Ngokwekufa okuphansi kakhulu ekushintsheni izizukulwane, izinga lokuzala lilonke kufanele libe sezingeni lika-2.33. Uma isilinganiso sokuzala singaphezu kuka 2.4 - lokhu kukhula okuphezulu, ngaphansi kuka-2.15 - okuphansi. Isilinganiso sokuzala sezingane ezingu-2 ngabesifazane besifazane kubhekwa njengesilinganiso sokukhiqiza. Inani elikhulu likhombisa izinkinga ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zabazali ezihlobene nendlela yokufundisa nokusekela izingane zabo. Ukuzala kancane kunomthelela ekugugeni kwabantu kanye nokunciphisa inombolo yayo.
Ukuzala kwamazwe omhlaba
Amanani wezinga elijwayelekile lokuzala emhlabeni wethu usemgogodleni wezomnotho. Ngeshwa, kubikezelwa ukuthi lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka, okungenani eminyakeni engu-30 elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukuzala eRussia kuye kwafinyelela ezingeni le-1.4 ngokubhekisisa izakhamuzi zaseCaucasus, ngokwejwayelekile "ngaphezulu". Futhi inani elifanayo e-Ukraine seluvele seliyi-1.28. Ngisho ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokuzala phakathi kwabakwaBelarusian kuphela 1.26 per mille kuphela.
Ingqikithi yenani lokuzala
Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kokuzala kubonakala emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lalo mkhuba libhekwa emazweni asezimboni aseYurophu aseYurophu, ebonakala ngokunciphisa kancane kancane kwabantu.
Phakathi nenkathi kusukela ngo-1960-2010, izinga lokuzala inzalo emhlabeni wonke lawa kusukela ku-4.95 kuya ku-2.5648 ukubeletha owesifazane ngamunye. Emazweni athuthukile, ukuzala okunjalo kubhalwe kakade eminyakeni yama-1960, futhi ngo-2000 bekuye kwafika ku-1.57. Manje izinga lokuzala lokuphansi kunazo zonke emhlabeni liyiSingapore (0.78), futhi liphakeme kakhulu eNiger (7.16).