Ngaphansi kokuxilongwa kwezifo eziphefumulayo (ARI) kusho izifo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zendawo yokuphefumula, okungabangelwa yi:
- ama-microbial (ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumococcus, i-Staphylococcus, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Legionella, njll);
- ama-virus (i-adenovirus, i-enteroviruses, ama-virus we-influenza, i-coronoviruses, njll);
- ama-pathogens ahlanganisiwe (i-viral-microbial).
Ucwaningo lwamanje emkhakheni wokuqala kwezifo selungile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izidumbu ezinjenge-chlamydia ne-mycoplasmas zingadala izifo eziningi ze-ARI, futhi zibangele.
Izibonakaliso zesifo
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-ARI zivela, ngokuvamile, ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ngesinye isikhathi isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesifo senyukela ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12. Kubantu abadala, izimpawu zezifo ezinzima zokuphefumula zizibonakalisa kahle, ngokunyuka kancane kancane:
- impumu egijimayo, iphunga eliphambene ne-sneezing yilona uphawu oluvame kakhulu futhi olucacile;
- ukuhlambalaza - okukhona ezimweni eziningi zesifo;
- Ukucindezela emphinjeni nokubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ingubo emhlophe ingenzeka;
- izikhukhula nezimo ze-feverish;
- Ukwandiswa kwamathambo e-lymph asemqaleni nangaphansi kwemihlathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izimpawu ezisemqoka, i-ARI kubantu abadala ingaba nokubonakaliswa okunjalo:
- Ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa, naphezu kwezikhukhula, ngokuvamile kuvame ukubonwa noma kuncane (ama-37-37.5 degrees).
- Ukwehlolelwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukungahambi kahle, izinhlanzi emisipha kanye namalungu - zonke lezi zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zokudakwa ngokweqile ngesikhathi se-ARI zibonakaliswa kancane kancane ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
- Ukwelashwa ngesifo sokuphefumula esiyingozi kwenzeka, ezimweni eziningi, ekuqaleni kunomile futhi kumile. Ngenkathi yesifo, kaningi, ukukhwehlela kuba mnandi futhi kungaqhubeka isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokunyamalala kwamanye izimpawu.
- Uma unesifo se-adenovirus, kungase kube nezimpawu ze-ARI ezifana nobuhlungu besisu nokubomvu kwamehlo.
Njengomthetho, isifo sokuphefumula esiyingozi sithatha izinsuku ezingu-6-8 futhi sidlula ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Izinkinga ezikhona ze-ARI kungaba:
- i-laryngitis ;
- i-bronchitis;
- i-pharyngitis;
- i-pneumonia.
Izimpawu zomkhuhlane
Uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo sokuphefumula sisifo sengculaza. Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo nalesi sifo kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye i-ARI. Ngoba umkhuhlane ubonakala ngokuqala okubukhali kwesifo ngezimpawu ezinjalo:
- izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (kufika ku-39-40 degrees), ukuphikelela izinsuku ezingu-3-4;
- uphikisa futhi ubuhlungu emehlweni;
- ukudakwa komzimba (ukusabela kweso ukukhanya, ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka, isizungu);
- Ukwenyuka okulula kwempumu, ukuphawula.
Kusukela ohlangothini lwe-nasopharynx, ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo, kungenzeka ukugcina ama-hyperemia we-palate kanye nodonga lwama-posterior pharyngeal ngaphandle kwe-reddening. I-plaque emhlophe, njengombuso, engekho, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kungabonisa ukutholakala kwesinye isifo noma isifo nge-angina, kunokuba i-influenza.
Isikhumba singase singabi khona noma senzeke ngosuku lwesifo sesi-2-3 futhi sihambisane nobuhlungu esifundeni se-thoracic, esichazwa ukuvuvukala ku-trachea.
Futhi, isici esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo lwesifo sokuphefumula esiwumphumela wokungabikho kwe-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe.
Ngemva kokululama, isikhathi esithile, cishe izinsuku ezingu-10-15, izimpawu ze-asthenic syndrome zingase ziqhubeke:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ikhanda.
Izinkinga emva komkhuhlane kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo, umkhuhlane ungabangela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okubili. Lezi yizi:
- i-otitis media;
- i-eustachiitis ;
- i-sinusitis;
- i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya.
Kulaba asebekhulile, umkhuhlane ungabangela ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo.